The dynamic life of the glycogen granule

Prats, Clara; Graham, Terry E.; Shearer, Jane

doi:10.1074/jbc.r117.802843

Cited by 153 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The alpha particle is an aggregation of multiple glycogen molecules and can be as large as a few hundred nanometers. Alpha particles are observable in the liver whereas muscle glycogen is predominantly observed as beta particles (for concise reviews, Obel et al, ; Prats, Graham, & Shearer, ).…”

Section: Focused Microwave‐assisted Glycogen Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycogen distribution in mouse hippocampus

Hirase

Akther

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Neuroscience Research

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The hippocampus is a limbic structure involved in the consolidation of episodic memory. In the recent decade, glycogenolysis in the rodent hippocampus has been shown critical for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Astrocytes are the primary cells that store glycogen which is subject to degradation in hypoglycemic conditions. Focused microwave application to the brain halts metabolic activities, and therefore preserves brain glycogen. Immunohistochemistry against glycogen on focused microwave‐assisted brain samples is suitable for both macroscopic and microscopic investigation of glycogen distribution. Glycogen immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus showed a characteristic punctate signal pattern that depended on hippocampal layers. In particular, the hilus is the most glycogen‐rich subregion of the hippocampus. Moreover, large glycogen puncta (>0.5 µm in diameter) observed in neuropil areas are organized in a patchy pattern consisting of puncta‐rich and ‐poor astrocytes. These observations are discussed with respect to distinct hippocampal neural activity states observed in live animals.

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Section: Focused Microwave‐assisted Glycogen Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alpha particles are observable in the liver whereas muscle glycogen is predominantly observed as beta particles (for concise reviews, Obel et al, 2012;Prats, Graham, & Shearer, 2018).…”

Section: Box 1 Glycogen Antibodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycogen distribution in mouse hippocampus

Hirase

Akther

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…The synthesis GAG and its secretion in the extracellular space increased. Regarding the change in the size of glycogen granules, this index may depend on the variety of factors, however, in general, the decrease in the glycogen granules size correlates with the increase in cell activity (55) and, probably, also may indicate the decrease in the degree of its differentiation. Such an increase in GAG may indicate the stimulation of cell regenerative potential (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herceptin and Cisplatin were found to not affect the GAG synthetic function of МSCs (Fig 5d and 5e respectively). Regarding the change in the size of glycogen granules, this index may depend on the variety of factors, however, in general, the decrease in the glycogen granules size correlates with the increase in cell activity (55) and, probably, also may indicate the decrease in the degree of its differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho‐Functional Characteristics of Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Activation or Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor and Toll‐Like Receptors or Treatment with DNA Intercalator Cisplatin

et al. 2018

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This study is aimed to reveal morphological and functional changes in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the rat bone marrow after: (i) activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with teichoic acid (TA), (ii) impact on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors with activator EGF or inhibitor Herceptin, and (iii) treatment with DNA intercalator Cisplatin. According to our results, TA and EGF cause an increase in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, c-Myc content, and protein in the MSC cytoplasm. It was observed that the cell population in G0 phase decreased and the cell population in G1 phase increased, when compared with control. At the same time, the cell population with a higher nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) in S and G2 phases also increased. This indicates the manifestation of the MSC mesenchymal phenotype, exhibiting indirect metabolic signs of the regenerative potential increase. In other experiments, Herceptin was shown to suppress only the stemness signs of MSCs, while Cisplatin seriously affected cell viability in general, reducing synthetic and proliferative activities and causing cell morphology disturbances.

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“…We adapted an iodine staining method to qualitatively determine changes in glycogen in live yeast and observed strong induction of glycogen in response to heat shock at 42℃ ( Figure 3C) ( 19 , 20 ) . A single glycogen molecule is composed of thousands of glucose monomers in an extensively branched spherical structure that can reach up to 40 nm in diameter in yeast ( 21 ) . In vitro , glycogen acts as a viscogen ( 22 ) .…”

Section: Accumulation Of Trehalose and Glycogen In Response To Heat Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoadaptation controls intracellular reaction rates in response to heat and energy availability

Persson

Brandman

2019

Preprint

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Cells must precisely orchestrate thousands of reactions in both time and space. Yet reaction kinetics are highly dependent on uncontrollable environmental conditions such as temperature. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which budding yeast influence reaction rates through adjustment of intracellular viscosity. This "viscoadaptation" is achieved by production of two carbohydrates, trehalose and glycogen, which combine to create a more viscous cellular environment in which biomolecules retain solubility. We demonstrate that viscoadaptation functions as both an acute response to temperature increase as well as a homeostatic mechanism, allowing cells grown at temperatures spanning from 22℃ to 40℃ to maintain equivalent rates of intracellular diffusion and diffusion-controlled chemical reactions. Multiple conditions that lower ATP trigger viscoadaptation, suggesting that viscoadaptation may be a general cellular response to low energy. Viscoadaptation reveals viscosity to be a tunable property of cells through which they can regulate diffusion-controlled processes dynamically in response to a changing environment.

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The dynamic life of the glycogen granule

Cited by 153 publications

References 80 publications

Glycogen distribution in mouse hippocampus

Glycogen distribution in mouse hippocampus

Morpho‐Functional Characteristics of Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Activation or Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor and Toll‐Like Receptors or Treatment with DNA Intercalator Cisplatin

Viscoadaptation controls intracellular reaction rates in response to heat and energy availability

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