Abstract. In a recent work [17] Han and Heary introduced a formalism approaching steadystate quantum transport through mesoscopic structures which maps the non-equilibrium problem onto a family of auxiliary equilibrium quantum impurity systems by introducing imaginary voltages. We apply continuous-time quantum Monte-Carlo solvers to obtain precise and unbiased imaginary-time data for these auxiliary models. Physical observables are obtained by an analytical continuation in both Matsubara frequency and complexified voltage using a Maximum Entropy Method (MEM). The MEM is introduced by means of a kernel function compatible with the analytical structure of the theory. While it remains a yet challenging task to obtain reliable spectral functions, this unbiased procedure seems to indicate that the formalism yields results which are compatible with those of other methods.
IntroductionCalculating steady-state transport properties of open quantum systems is a challenging and unsolved problem. It has been approached by perturbative methods [1][2][3], the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (t-DMRG) [4,5], real-time quantum Monte Carlo (RT-QMC) [6][7][8][9], numerical renormalization group (NRG) [10], and the functional renormalization group (fRG) [11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, none of the methods developed so far is able to give a complete and reliable description of the physical properties in all parameter regimes. More importantly, the most interesting regime, where all relevant energy scales -voltage, temperature, magnetic field, etc. -are of the same order as the low-energy scale of the Anderson Impurity Model, is usually not accessible. Therefore, the development of new or improved simulation approaches is a worthwhile and important task.Recently, a new and rather unconventional approach to calculate the steady-state transport through interacting quantum dots or similar structures was proposed by Han and Heary [17]. Their formalism, which is based on Hershfield's density operator [18], maps the non-equilibrium steady-state of the interacting model onto an infinite set of auxiliary equilibrium systems, each characterized by some complex voltage. The complexification of the voltage bias, however, introduces a formidable new problem in the form of an analytical continuation with respect to