The dynamics of slipping accidents

Strandberg, Lennart; Lanshammar, Håkan

doi:10.1016/0376-6349(81)90009-2

Cited by 241 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…During walking one is often unaware of the fact that sliding or creep between the footwear and the floor occurs on contaminated surfaces and even on dry 'non-slippery' surfaces in the very beginning of the heel contact phase (Perkins 1978, Strandberg and Lanshammar 1981, Perkins and Wilson 1983. In fact, Lanshammar and Strandberg (1983) showed that there typically exists an initial spike in the fore-aft component of the ground reaction force immediately after heel strike.…”

Section: Perception Of Slipperinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ground reaction forces and sagittal plane body movements have been investigated in slippery conditions (as well as in non-slippery baseline conditions) during walking on level and inclined surfaces as well as during load carrying (Perkins 1978, Strandberg and Lanshammar 1981, Morach 1993, Hirvonen et al 1994, McVay and Redfern 1994, Redfern and Rhoades 1996, Myung and Smith 1997, Redfern and DiPasqale 1997. In these studies, researchers especially focused on measuring leg and heel kinematics, normal and shear forces in the shoe/floor contact surface, and friction usage (or required friction) as well as joint angles for the ankle, knee and hip.…”

Section: Biomechanically-oriented Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of ramp angle to forces at the shoe/floor interface were measured while walking up and down ramps (McVay andDiPasqale 1997). Also protective responses and hand/arm or trunk movements for restoring balance after slipping, falling frequencies, and/or slip/fall probabilities were examined (Strandberg and Lanshammar 1981, Strandberg 1985, Hanson et al 1999. Some investigators focused on measuring slip distances and micro-slipping during walking as indicators for slipping and falling hazards Son 1989, Leamon andLi 1990).…”

Section: Biomechanically-oriented Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some investigators focused on measuring slip distances and micro-slipping during walking as indicators for slipping and falling hazards Son 1989, Leamon andLi 1990). Strandberg and Lanshammar (1981) simulated unexpected heel slips when approaching a force platform which was lubricated with water and detergent in 76 trials (61%) out of 124. The trials were categorized into two main groups, grips (85 trials) and skids (39 trials).…”

Section: Biomechanically-oriented Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The output estimates have comprised, among others, perceived sense of slip and slip distance evaluations, slipperiness ratings, heel velocity measurements, heel and trunk acceleration and postural instability measurements, and falling frequency estimations , Leamon and Son 1989, Myung et al 1993, Cohen and Cohen 1994a, b, Hirvonen et al 1994, Chiou et al 2000. Other approaches have focused on kinematics (spatial movement of the body) and kinetics (ground reaction forces, utilized and required friction) of slipping and falling (Strandberg and Lanshammar 1981, Morach 1993, Redfern and Rhoades 1996, Hanson et al 1999, Brady et al 2000, You et al 2001 or electromyographic (EMG) activity of compensatory muscle responses during simulated slipping (Tang et al 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Grönqvist¹,

Abeysekera²,

Gard³

et al. 2001

Ergonomics

111

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A number of human-centred methodologies-subjective, objective, and combined-are used for slipperiness measurement. They comprise a variety of approaches from biomechanically-oriented experiments to psychophysical tests and subjective evaluations. The objective of this paper is to review some of the research done in the field, including such topics as awareness and perception of slipperiness, postural and balance control, rating scales for balance, adaptation to slippery conditions, measurement of unexpected movements, kinematics of slipping, and protective movements during falling. The role of human factors in slips and falls will be discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of human-centred approaches in relation to mechanical slip test methodologies are considered. Current friction-based criteria and thresholds for walking without slipping are reviewed for a number of work tasks. These include activities such as walking on a level or an inclined surface, running, stopping and jumping, as well as stair ascent and descent, manual exertion (pushing and pulling, load carrying, lifting) and particular concerns of the elderly and mobility disabled persons. Some future directions for slipperiness measurement and research in the field of slips and falls are outlined. Human-centred approaches for slipperiness measurement do have many applications. First, they are utilized to develop research hypotheses and models to predict workplace risks caused by slipping. Second, they are important alternatives to apparatus-based friction measurements and are used to validate such methodologies. Third, they are used as practical tools for evaluating and monitoring slip resistance properties of foot wear, anti-skid devices and floor surfaces.

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Section: Perception Of Slipperinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomechanically-oriented Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomechanically-oriented Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomechanically-oriented Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Grönqvist¹,

Abeysekera²,

Gard³

et al. 2001

Ergonomics

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Occupational Ergonomics: Past, Present, and Future

Kotowski¹,

Davis²,

Bhattacharya³

2010

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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Occupational Ergonomics: Past, Present, and Future

Kotowski¹,

Davis²,

Bhattacharya³

2011

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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Ergonomics is the science of properly balancing job demands with worker capabilities to prevent a mismatch in demands and capabilities which will lead to cumulative trauma of the body. Using the traditional industrial hygiene methodology of “anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control” discussions will cover each area of the methodology as it applies to the field of occupational ergonomics. Reflections of occupational ergonomics in the past, the current state of the field, and considerations for the future of the field will also be presented.

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The dynamics of slipping accidents

Cited by 241 publications

References 3 publications

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Occupational Ergonomics: Past, Present, and Future

Occupational Ergonomics: Past, Present, and Future

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