The earliest rugose coral

Baars, Christian; Pour, Mansoureh Ghobadi; Atwood, Robert C.

doi:10.1017/s0016756812000829

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…High-resolution tomography has enabled successful noninvasive examination of a partially silicified fossil in a calcareous rock matrix. The internal structures of the fossil were revealed in sufficient detail to unambiguously identify it as the earliest rugose coral known to date (Baars et al, 2013).…”

Section: Palaeontology Biomedical Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The user community is mainly from the following fields: materials engineering and processing (Korsunsky et al, 2010;Egan et al, 2012;Hofmann et al, 2012;Evans et al, 2012;Puncreobutr et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2014;Kareh et al, 2014;Davenport et al, 2014); chemical processing (Williams et al, 2011;Rowles et al, 2012;Sedlmaier et al, 2013); biomedical engineering (Sui et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2013); civil engineering (Bhreasail et al, 2012); and palaeontology (Baars et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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I12: the Joint Engineering, Environment and Processing (JEEP) beamline at Diamond Light Source

et al. 2015

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I12 is the Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing (JEEP) beamline, constructed during Phase II of the Diamond Light Source. I12 is located on a short (5 m) straight section of the Diamond storage ring and uses a 4.2 T superconducting wiggler to provide polychromatic and monochromatic X-rays in the energy range 50-150 keV. The beam energy enables good penetration through large or dense samples, combined with a large beam size (1 mrad horizontally Â 0.3 mrad vertically). The beam characteristics permit the study of materials and processes inside environmental chambers without unacceptable attenuation of the beam and without the need to use sample sizes which are atypically small for the process under study. X-ray techniques available to users are radiography, tomography, energy-dispersive diffraction, monochromatic and white-beam two-dimensional diffraction/scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. Since commencing operations in November 2009, I12 has established a broad user community in materials science and processing, chemical processing, biomedical engineering, civil engineering, environmental science, palaeontology and physics.

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Section: Palaeontology Biomedical Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I12: the Joint Engineering, Environment and Processing (JEEP) beamline at Diamond Light Source

et al. 2015

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“…Unlike modern scleractinian corals, which are radially symmetric with septa inserted cyclically, rugose corals typically exhibit strong bilateral symmetry with septa inserted in a tetraradial fashion. Most likely, rugosans were monophyletic and evolved independently from soft-bodied anthozoans (Baars et al, 2012).…”

Section: Evolutionary History Of Reef-forming Coralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first Tabulata were encrusting and small in size (Scrutton, 1999), and the group represented a first attempt of biomineralizing cnidarians to contribute to the construction of reef belts in the paleotropical seas (Copper, 2001;Webby, 1992). The Rugosa emerged during the middle Ordovician around 460 Ma (Baars, Ghobadi Pour, & Atwood, 2012).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

How corals made rocks through the ages

Drake

Mass

Stolarski

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Hard, or stony, corals make rocks that can, on geological time scales, lead to the formation of massive reefs in shallow tropical and subtropical seas. In both historical and contemporary oceans, reef-building corals retain information about the marine environment in their skeletons, which is an organic–inorganic composite material. The elemental and isotopic composition of their skeletons is frequently used to reconstruct the environmental history of Earth's oceans over time, including temperature, pH, and salinity. Interpretation of this information requires knowledge of how the organisms formed their skeletons. The basic mechanism of formation of calcium carbonate skeleton in stony corals has been studied for decades. While some researchers consider coral skeletons as mainly passive recorders of ocean conditions, it has become increasingly clear that biological processes play key roles in the biomineralization mechanism. Understanding the role of the animal in living stony coral biomineralization and how it evolved has profound implications for interpreting environmental signatures in fossil corals to understand past ocean conditions. Here we review historical hypotheses and discuss the present understanding of how corals evolved and how their skeletons changed over geological time. We specifically explain how biological processes, particularly those occurring at the subcellular level, critically control the formation of calcium carbonate structures. We examine the different models that address the current debate including the tissue–skeleton interface, skeletal organic matrix, and biomineralization pathways. Finally, we consider how understanding the biological control of coral biomineralization is critical to informing future models of coral vulnerability to inevitable global change, particularly increasing ocean acidification.

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“…High-energy X-ray imaging permits the study of large and highly attenuating samples for advanced research in geosciences, biomedical engineering, civil engineering and material science (Cnudde & Boone, 2013;Baars et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;Cai et al, 2015;Karagadde et al, 2015). Over the last few decades, numerous exciting studies have been carried out with high-energy X-rays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%