The early-life gut microbiome and vaccine efficacy

Jordan, Anne; Carding, Simon R.; Hall, Lindsay J.

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00185-9

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Growing evidence shows that the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which is known to play an important role in the development and regulation of immune responses 7 , influences responses to vaccination [8][9][10] . Studies which have investigated this have shown that a higher relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria is consistently associated with higher vaccine responses and a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides with lower responses, while the association between the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and vaccine responses varies for different genera and species [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunological interplay between vaccination and the intestinal microbiota

Zimmermann

2023

npj Vaccines

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunological interplay between vaccination and the intestinal microbiota

Zimmermann

2023

npj Vaccines

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“…Fucose, a key component of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) which plays a vital role in infant gut colonization and development of innate immunity during early life [39][40][41] , may be utilized by gut commensals to facilitate colonization 42 and regulate SCFA production by modulating mucosal immune components 38,43−45 . This increased SCFA production has been linked with enhanced systemic immune responses after cholera and in uenza vaccination in mice 45 . Additionally, fucosylation of sIgA contributes to intestinal proteolytic resistance and binding to pathogenic bacteria 40,46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As such, these taxa might have potential immunological bene ts, which have also been observed in prior intervention studies. Previous studies used Bi dobacteria probiotics to successfully enhance vaccine e cacy (e.g., against in uenza, diphtheria, rotavirus, and polio), with increased humoral responses following the vaccination of neonates and young children 45,47 . Infant gut Bi dobacteria abundance is also associated with CD4 + T-cell responses and increased antibody responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, tetanus toxoid, and hepatitis B virus vaccines 48,49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-mediated antibodies in human breast milk and their association with breast milk microbiota composition

Zhao

Lok

Sin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Newborns can acquire immunological protection to SARS-CoV-2 through vaccine-conferred antibodies in human breast milk. However, there are some concerns around lactating mothers with regards to potential short- and long-term adverse events and vaccine-induced changes to their breast milk microbiome composition, which helps shape the early-life microbiome. Here, we recruited 49 lactating mothers from Hong Kong who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine between June 2021 and August 2021. Breast milk samples were self-collected by participating mothers pre-vaccination, one week post-first dose, one week post-second dose, and one month post-second dose. The levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk peaked at one week post-second dose. Subsequently, the levels of both antibodies rapidly waned in breast milk, with IgA levels returning to baseline levels one month post-second dose. The richness and composition of human breast milk microbiota changed dynamically throughout the vaccination regimen, but the abundances of beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium species did not significantly change after vaccination. In addition, we found that baseline breast milk bacterial composition can predict spike-specific IgA levels at one week post-second dose (Area Under Curve: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.85). Taken together, our results suggest that infants may acquire immunological protection from breast milk from SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated mothers by both the vertical transmission of antibodies and beneficial microbiota.

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“…Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies against infectious diseases (Jordan et al, 2022;Oduwole et al, 2022). The success of the PRV eradication campaign is mainly attributed to the application of the excellent PRV vaccine (McFerran and Dow, 1970;Sun et al, 2016;Freuling et al, 2017).…”

Section: Live Prv Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on innate immune evasion and live attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

Nie

Zhu²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a highly infectious disease that can infect most mammals, with pigs as the only natural host, has caused considerable economic losses to the pig husbandry of the world. Innate immunity is the first defense line of the host against the attack of pathogens and is essential for the proper establishment of adaptive immunity. The host uses the innate immune response to against the invasion of PRV; however PRV makes use of various strategies to inhibit the innate immunity to promote the virus replication. Currently, live attenuated vaccine is used to prevent pig from infection with the PRV worldwide, such as Bartha K61. However, a growing number of data indicates that these vaccines do not provide complete protection against new PRV variants that have emerged since late 2011. Here we summarized the interactions between PRV and host innate immunity and the current status of live attenuated PRV vaccines to promote the development of novel and more effective PRV vaccines.

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The early-life gut microbiome and vaccine efficacy

Cited by 35 publications

References 76 publications

The immunological interplay between vaccination and the intestinal microbiota

The immunological interplay between vaccination and the intestinal microbiota

COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-mediated antibodies in human breast milk and their association with breast milk microbiota composition

Progress on innate immune evasion and live attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

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