The early warning of aquatic organophosphorus pesticide contamination by on-line monitoring behavioral changes of Daphnia magna

Abstract

In this paper, the movement behavior of Daphnia magna was studied as a bio-indicator of organophosphorous pesticide (OP) contamination, using an on-line bio-monitoring method, the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor®. A static test of acute toxicity test revealed the 24-h and 48-h LC 50 values (95% confidence limit) for Daphnia magna to be respectively 0.45 μg/l and 0.21 μg/l for dipterex 3.80 μg/l and 0.90 μg/l for malathion, and 1.25 μg/l and 0.38 μg/l for parathion. The behavior strength of Daphnia magna was a sensitive indicator of sublethal OP stress and resulted in significant concentrationresponse relationships for the three OPs. Increasing OP concentration will result in more intensive behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and shorter response time, which could be described by the Stepwise Stress Model (SSM). Therefore movement behavior can be effectively applied in early warning of environment quality by on-line bio-monitoring. The intensive changes in behavior strength of Daphnia magna over a short time follow the SSM concept and can be used as an indicator of early stress response to OP accidental contamination.

Effects of three pesticides on superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities and reproduction of Daphnia magna

“…recent studies have focused on other sub-lethal endpoints. Some researchers found that reproduction of D. magna was affected by its exposure to direagents and atrazine, and that the exercise capacity of D. magna was inhibited by organophosphorus pesticides and carbamate pesticides through inhibiting cholinesterase (Dodson et al 1999, Barata et al 2004, Ren et al 2007). However various contaminants could affect the enzyme activities differently in D. magna.…”

Differences in the behavior characteristics between Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka in an on-line biomonitoring system

“…Behavioral responses in organisms associated with stress and toxicant exposure provide novel information including short term and median lethal exposure effects, and the potential for mortality (Andrew et al, 2004;Ren et al, 2007), which cannot be gained from traditional toxicological methods. Therefore, in the biological early warning of accidental water environment pollution, the on-line monitoring of the behavioral responses of aquatic organisms is viable (Ren et al, , 2009a(Ren et al, , 2009b.…”

“…magna and Japanese madaka (Oryzias latipes) were often used as the representative of water fleas and fish in the on-line biomonitoring systems, e.g., DaphniaToximeter, MFB, and BEWs. The freshwater cladoceran D. magna Straus are normally considered as sensitive to contaminants (Sturm and Hansen, 1999;Rosa et al, 2006;Ren et al, 2007). This species has often been used in bioassays and environmental monitoring of aquatic systems due to the ease and economy of maintaining cultures (Tomasik and Warren, 1996;Martínez-Jerónimo et al, 2005;Heckmann et al, 2007).…”

“…The Japanese Madaka is an extensively studied species and has been proposed as the standard test fish in the OECD guidelines (OECD, 1999). Many data related to behavior in madaka have been reported (Gray et al, 1999;Oshima et al, 2003;Gormley and Teather, 2003;Chon et al, 2005;Ren et al, 2007Ren et al, , 2009aRen et al, , 2009b.…”

Persistence Parameter: a Reliable Measurement for Behavioral Responses of Medaka (Oryzias latipes) to Environmental Stress

“…T, P, and M meant the effects of trichlorfon, parathion, and malathion separately on medaka BR toxic effect. In 5 TU OP treatments during the exposure period, medaka BR met a great many changes, which mainly included stimulation, acclimation, adjustment (readjustment), and toxic effect [37]. In the highest concentration exposure, it was hard for medaka to have the capability of adjustment.…”