The Ecological Significance of Adventitious Rooting as a Response to Flooding in Woody Species, with Special Reference to Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.

Gill, Christopher

doi:10.1016/s0367-2530(17)31790-5

Cited by 83 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Flood-tolerant species will lose their original roots within a few weeks of waterlogging and replace them with more flood-toleram soil water roots (Hook t984). In some -woody species, this is often accompanied by the development o" adventitio-~,s roots (Gill 1975), which has been reported in buttonbus~ by Yeager (1949) and was atso observed in this study. Production of these roots may" hetp in the water-absorbing efficiency and stomatal reopening after flooding (Gomes and Kozlowski 1980).…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Exposuresupporting

confidence: 82%

Flood and salinity stress of wetland woody species, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var.biflora)

1998

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Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and swamp tupelo (Nysxa sylvatica vat. biflora) seedlings were exposed to flooding and salinity conditions simulating the chronic exposure of sea-level rise and the acute exposure of hurricane storm surge. Chronically exposed seedlings were either watered or flooded with 0, 2, or 10 ppt salinity. Those in the acute experiment were watered or flooded with freshwater until exposed to a 21-ppt salinity surge for 48 hours. Freshwater flooding reduced photosynthesis (A), water pressure potential (~), height, and stem and root biomass for swamp tupelo while biomass of buttonbush roots decreased and stem increased. Chronic watering with 2 ppt salinity reduced height, basal diameter, and stem and root biomass for swamp tupelo but did not significantly affect buttonbush. Both species were negatively affected by watering with 10 ppt salinity, with total mortality of swamp tupelo. Flooding with 2 ppt salinity also caused a 100% mortality for swamp tupelo. All buttonbush seedlings survived with reduced A, ~F, and stem and root biomass. Plants chronically flooded with 10 ppt salinity were more affected, with drastically decreased A, stomatal conductance (g~), and • within the first day of treatment and all dying within three weeks. Watering with 21 ppt salinity reduced A and g~ of both species during the second day of the surge, but buttonbush recovered within the next 20 days. Flooding with 21-ppt saline water also greatly impacted buttonbush, which did not recover as when watered with 21 ppt salinity. Swamp tupelo was already stressed due to flooding and showed no further reduction in A or g~ due to the 21-ppt salinity flood surge. Buttonbush seedlings were more tolerant of salinity and flooding conditions than swamp tupelo seedlings, although it is unlikely that either species could survive long-term exposure to 10-ppt salinity flooding.

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Section: Effects Of Acute Exposuresupporting

confidence: 82%

Flood and salinity stress of wetland woody species, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var.biflora)

1998

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“…In addition to its large size, the greater tolerance of Salix alba might be due to its adventitious roots. Their role in the survival of flooded trees is disputed (Gill 1970, Kozlowski 1984, but it seems accepted that they provide greater flood tolerance (Gill 1975, Clemens and others 1978, Good and others 1992. These roots were situated on the trunk and on the main branches of the trees, their height being closely correlated with the maximum height reached by the water.…”

Section: Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of vegetation to a rise in water level at Kerkini Reservoir (1982–1991), a Ramsar site in northern Greece

Crivellì

Grillas

Lacaze

1995

Environmental Management

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/ The floodplain of the river Strymon at Kerkini (northern Greece) was transformed into an irrigation reservoir by the construction of a dam in 1932 and subsequently enlarged in 1982. The aims of this study were to quantify the changes occurring in the various habitat types following raising of the waterlevel and to assess the stability of the plant communities present at this Ramsar site. The current hydrological regime, which has been stable since 1986, is typified by an increase in mean annual reservoir level of 2.2 m and by an increase in the annual range in level of 1.3 m. Landsat (1980, 1981, 1984, 1986, and 1988) and SPOT (1990) satellite images show a decrease in the area of grassland and shallow water areas, the very rapid disappearance of reedbeds, the appearance of beds of Nymphaea and the disappearance of half the forest area.The flooded forest, dominated by Salix alba, is a key habitat contributing to the biological richness of this wetland of international importance. The decrease in the forested area will continue because of the death of standing trees, the absence of regeneration under the new regime, the felling of trees and grazing. Management could be undertaken to ensure the survival of forested habitat and reedbeds at Kerkini, but this would require that the authorities take into account nature conservation and the protected status of the site and not raise the water level again.Lake Kerkini in northern Greece is situated on the floodplain of the River Strymon, which was transformed into a reservoir in 1932 by the construction of a dam. This reservoir (original maximum capacity: 289 x 106 mS; Babajimopoulos and Antonopoulos 1990) was designed to provide irrigation water for cultivation (maize, rice, etc.) on the Serres plain downstream and also for flood control. As a result of siltation of the lake by sediment brought down by the River Strymon, the reservoir lost 61% of its storage capacity in 50 years (Klossas 1975). For this reason and to expand irrigated crops, a new, higher dam and new dykes were built and came into operation in 1982. In order to be able to evaluate the impact of this new water management on the wildlife and the habitat of this wetland, an assessment of the impact of the changes since 1982 has been undertaken.

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“…This is hardly surprising as there is a general relationship between adventitious root production and flood tolerance (Kramer, 1951;Rowe & Beardsell, 1973;Tang & Kozlowski, 1984), but it has been more difficult to assess the role of such roots in promoting survival of waterlogging (Gill, 1975). Recently, Etherington (1984a) has shown by excision of fiood-induced adventitous roots in E. hirsutum that they do improve growth of waterlogged plants and also that the flooding-intolerant willow-herb C angustifolium is unable to form such roots.…”

Section: Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Content Of Leaf Discsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies of Plant Growth and Distribution in Relation to Waterlogging

1987

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SUMMARYRooted cuttings of Salix caprea L. and S. cinerea ssp. oleifolia (Macreight) growing in soil were exposed to (a) intermittent, (b) partial and (c) complete waterlogging of the soil. Measurements of growth and other characteristics were compared with unfiooded controls. Both species were harmed by waterlogging but 5. caprea was more sensitive than S. cinerea as shown by the greater reduction of height, internode number, dry weight of root, stem and leaf, specific leaf area and leaf area per plant. The waterlogging treatments did not differ amongst themselves in the degree of inhibition of growth which they caused. A single fully waterlogged treatment would thus have been quite adequate in screening for tolerance.The reduction in specific leaf area of S. caprea was probably mediated by reduced turgidity and failure of leaf tissue to expand fully. Leaf iron content increased in both species but less so in S. cinerea, which is able to immobilize more iron in, or on, its roots. 5. caprea leaves contained over 2000 [ig g'^ iron, a concentration recorded as toxic in other plants; these leaves became brittle and some lower leaves were shed. Root iron content increased more in 5. cinerea than in S. caprea, and this was accompanied by an increase in phosphorus content. Chlorophyll and magnesium content of leaves was significantly reduced in 5". caprea but not in S. cinerea. Photosynthetic potential was reduced in S. caprea but not in S. cinerea; this was probably unrelated to stomatal control of COg uptake. S. cinerea produced adventitious roots at the surface of flooded soil and when cuttings were immersed in water; 5. caprea did not. These observations are compatible with the ecology of the two species, S. caprea normally inhabiting better drained soils than 5. cinerea.

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The Ecological Significance of Adventitious Rooting as a Response to Flooding in Woody Species, with Special Reference to Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.

Cited by 83 publications

References 17 publications

Flood and salinity stress of wetland woody species, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var.biflora)

Flood and salinity stress of wetland woody species, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var.biflora)

Responses of vegetation to a rise in water level at Kerkini Reservoir (1982–1991), a Ramsar site in northern Greece

Comparative Studies of Plant Growth and Distribution in Relation to Waterlogging

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