The Economic Burden of Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis: A Systematic Review

Ismail, Wan Rosmanira; Jasmi, Nadhirah; Khan, Tahir Mehmood; Hong, Yet Hoi; Neoh, Chin Fen

doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2019.07.002

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Candidemia is the most common form of invasive candidiasis, and is known to be the fourth to seventh most common bloodstream infection [1]. It is often associated with a high mortality rate of approximately 40-60% and a significant economic burden [2][3][4][5]. Due to the growing number of immunocompromised patients and critically ill patients, as well as the increasing use of invasive devices and antibiotics, the incidence of candidemia has been increasing around the world [2,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often associated with a high mortality rate of approximately 40-60% and a significant economic burden [2][3][4][5]. Due to the growing number of immunocompromised patients and critically ill patients, as well as the increasing use of invasive devices and antibiotics, the incidence of candidemia has been increasing around the world [2,6]. Particularly, there has been a rise in the incidence of non-albicans candidemia (NAC) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predominance of Candida Glabrata among Non-albicans Candida Species in a 16-Year Study of Candidemia at a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon

et al. 2021

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Background: Candidemia is associated with a high mortality rate, and its incidence is increasing worldwide with a rise in non-albicans candidemia (NAC). Epidemiologic data from Arab countries are scarce and there are no data from Lebanon; Methods: This is a single-center retrospective chart review of patients with candidemia in a tertiary care center in Lebanon from 2004 to 2019. We extracted data on patient characteristics, isolated Candida species antifungal susceptibility, management and outcomes; Results: We included 170 cases of candidemia. NAC was more common than albicans candidemia (64.7% vs. 35.3%). C. glabrata was the most common non-albicans species (37 isolates) followed by C. tropicalis (14). Recent use of antifungals was a risk factor for NAC (OR = 2.8, p = 0.01), while the presence of a central venous catheter was protective (OR = 0.41, p = 0.02). Fluconazole resistance was 12.5% in C. albicans and 21.5% in non-albicans spp. Mortality at 30 days was 55.5%, with no difference between NAC and albicans candidemia. It was higher in older and critically ill patients but lower in patients whose central venous catheter was removed after detecting fungemia; Conclusions: Candidemia is associated with high mortality in Lebanon, with a predominance of NAC and high prevalence of C. glabrata.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of Candida Glabrata among Non-albicans Candida Species in a 16-Year Study of Candidemia at a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon

et al. 2021

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“… 18 Invasive forms of Candida BSIs have been associated with significant costs (about $160 000 per patient) and healthcare use. 19 , 20 They are also associated with high mortalities, which reportedly range between 35% and 71%, 8 , 21 - 25 and could be exacerbated when empirical antifungal therapy is delayed. 26 - 28 …”

Section: Clinical Significance Of and Possible Aetiological Shift In Candida Bsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida Bloodstream Infections: Changes in Epidemiology and Increase in Drug Resistance

et al. 2021

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The literature on bloodstream infections (BSIs) have predominantly been biased towards bacteria, given their superior clinical significance in comparison with the other types of microorganisms. Fungal pathogens have epidemiologically received relatively less attention, although they constitute an important proportion of BSI aetiologies. In this review, the authors discuss the clinical relevance of fungal BSIs in the context of Candida species, as well as treatment options for the infections, emphasizing the compelling need to develop newer antifungals and strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programmes in the wake of the rapid spread of antifungal resistance.

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“…Mortality rates among patients range from 19.6% to 67% worldwide, but the exact rate of candidaemia is underestimated due to the difficulty and delay in diagnosis, which leads to prolonged hospitalisation and financial burden on the healthcare system. 16,17 Although non-albicans Candida species have been increasingly reported, C .albicans is still the leading cause of invasive Candida infections. 8,[18][19][20] As Candida exposure is ubiquitous, there has been a development of universal prophylaxis strategies for high-risk patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genotyping of Candidaalbicans isolated from different sites may trace the etiological infection routes: Observation in China

Tan

Song

Liu

et al. 2021

Mycoses

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Background: Invasive candidiasis is a growing concern worldwide, especially in immunocompromised patients, including ICU patients.Objectives: As Candida albicans is the leading cause of candidaemia, it is important to investigate the evolution of C. albicans in patients with candidaemia. Methods:We analysed 238 strains of C. albicans isolated from different body sites.Antifungal susceptibility testing, CAI loci genotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of all isolates were performed. The relationships among the total isolates that differed in sequence at only one of the seven housekeeping gene loci were analysed using eBURST.Results: Multilocus sequence typing analysis in 238 isolates by combining seven housekeeping alleles revealed 175 diploid sequence types, in which 84 were newly identified. eBURST analysis for these data recognised 19 clonal complexes (CCs) and 79 singletons. Besides, seventy-three CAI genotypes were identified. Blood isolates showed maximum genotypes (49), and the dominant genotypes were CAI 17-21 and CAI 21-21. Oral isolates possessed 25 CAI genotypes, and the dominant genotypes were CAI 17-21 and CAI 21-21 as well. Since isolates with CAI allele numbers <30 showed easier transmission, CAI 17-21 and CAI 21-21 were the most frequently transmitted. Finally, the CAI genotypes were classified into six groups.Conclusions: This work revealed the oral and blood strains isolated from the patients with candidaemia in ICU shared the identical dominant CAI genotypes. Our data expanded the C. albicans MLST database and helped with understanding the evolution and spread of invasive candidiasis.

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The Economic Burden of Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis: A Systematic Review

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Predominance of Candida Glabrata among Non-albicans Candida Species in a 16-Year Study of Candidemia at a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon

Predominance of Candida Glabrata among Non-albicans Candida Species in a 16-Year Study of Candidemia at a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon

Candida Bloodstream Infections: Changes in Epidemiology and Increase in Drug Resistance

Molecular genotyping of Candidaalbicans isolated from different sites may trace the etiological infection routes: Observation in China

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