The economic cost of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke
in Greece: Musculoskeletal disorders the leading contributor to
smoking-related morbidity

Koronaiou, Konstantina; Delipalla, Sofia

doi:10.18332/tpc/113091

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A similar pattern was reported for Sweden, Greece, Vietnam and Iran. 33 42 44 46 Unlike many other studies, T2DM featured as the leading cause of total morbidity cost in the GCC countries ( online supplementary table S15 ). This is unique to GCC where all but Oman are among the top 10 countries with the highest diabetes prevalence worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These figures are more than double the cost reported for Greece (9.9% for direct and 8.1% for indirect cost) and Taiwan (8% of the total cost). 33 47 Until a decade ago, almost all GCC countries had no regulations banning smoking in indoor public places. 48 49 The GCC countries introduced tobacco control legislation relatively recently (Bahrain 2009, Oman 2010, Saudi Arabia 2015, Kuwait 2014, UAE 2009, Qatar 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PVLE is calculated based on the approach developed by Max and colleagues 32 and used by others. 33 For the calculation of PVLE, we used GDP per worker as earnings, without taking into account the value of housekeeping services. We assumed 1% annual productivity growth and non-discounting for human life.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

et al. 2020

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BackgroundThe economic cost of smoking has been determined in many high-income countries as well as at a global level. This paper estimates the economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates), for which no detailed study exists.MethodsWe used data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2016 and the cost-of-illness approach to estimate direct costs (healthcare expenditures) and indirect costs (productivity losses due to morbidity and mortality). Indirect cost was estimated with and without the inclusion of musculoskeletal disorders, using the human capital approach.ResultsTotal cost of smoking and SHS was estimated to be purchasing power parity (PPP)$ 34.5 billion in 2016, equivalent to 1.04% of the combined gross domestic product (GDP). SHS accounted for 20.4% of total cost. The highest proportion of indirect cost resulted from smoking in men and middle-aged people. The main causes of morbidity cost from smoking and SHS were chronic respiratory diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases were the main contributor to mortality cost for both smoking and exposure to SHS. Including musculoskeletal disorders increased total cost to PPP$ 41.3 billion (1.25% of the combined GDP).ConclusionThe economic cost of smoking and SHS in the GCC states is relatively low compared with other high-income countries. Scaling-up implementation of evidence-based policies will prevent the evolution of a tobacco epidemic with its negative consequences for health and public finances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

et al. 2020

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“…Specifically, we used the PAF approach to quantify the economic impact of smoking. In contrast, several previous studies used the cost-of-illness or human capital approach with a smoking-attributable fraction [35][36][37]. In addition, we only included LBP and RA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we only included LBP and RA. However, previous studies often investigated the costs of all relevant diseases attributable to smoking [35][36][37]. Further, we derived data on disease estimates from the GBD result tool [23], which differed from those in other studies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and economic burden of low back pain and rheumatoid arthritis attributable to smoking in 192 countries and territories in 2019

Chen,

Fong,

Wong

2023

Addiction

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Background and aimsSmoking is a risk factor for low back pain (LBP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to estimate the global health and economic burden of LBP and RA attributable to smoking.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in 192 countries and territories.CasesPrevalent cases of LBP and RA were used, extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019 data repositories.MeasurementsSmoking‐attributable health and economic burden was estimated with the population‐attributable fraction method. Smoking‐attributable prevalence of LBP and RA and health‐care costs were estimated for patients of all ages, whereas years lived with disability (YLDs) and productivity losses due to morbidity were estimated for patients aged 15–84 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) of the results were obtained by repeating the analysis with the lower and upper bounds of all input variables.FindingsGlobally, smoking accounted for 84.5 million (UI = 56.7–120.2 million) prevalent cases of LBP, 1.8 million (UI = 0.5–3.4 million) prevalent cases of RA and 11.3 million (UI = 6.2–18.5 million) YLDs, which represented 1.5% of all‐cause YLDs in the working‐age population aged 15–84 years in 2019. Health‐care costs and productivity losses of smoking‐attributable LBP and RA cost the global economy purchasing‐power parity $326.0 billion (UI = $184.0–521.4 billion), representing 0.2% of the global gross domestic product. Specifically, smoking accounted for $65.8 billion (UI = $38.0–101.2 billion) in health‐care costs world‐wide, with more than half [$39.8 billion (UI = $23.1–61.3 billion), 60.6%] borne by the public sector. Smoking also contributed to $260.3 billion (UI = $146.0–420.3 billion) in productivity losses globally. Approximately 60.0% of the global YLDs were observed in middle‐income countries, whereas 84.4% of health‐care costs and 72.7% of productivity losses were borne by high‐income countries.ConclusionsGlobally, in 2019, smoking accounted for more than 11.0 million years lived with disability and purchasing‐power parity $326.0 billion in economic losses due to low back pain and rheumatoid arthritis. Middle‐income countries suffered more morbidity, whereas high‐income countries experienced larger economic losses.

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Association between secondhand smoke and peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

Chuang

Watanabe

et al. 2022

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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The economic cost of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke in Greece: Musculoskeletal disorders the leading contributor to smoking-related morbidity

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Health and economic burden of low back pain and rheumatoid arthritis attributable to smoking in 192 countries and territories in 2019

Association between secondhand smoke and peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

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