The Economic Impacts of a Foot-And-Mouth Disease Outbreak: A Regional Analysis

Pendell, Dustin L.; Leatherman, John C.; Schroeder, Ted C.; Alward, Gregory S.

doi:10.1017/s1074070800028911

Cited by 92 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Because an outbreak of FMD could have devastating effects, 6,7 methods to aid in the detection of the disease should be pursued. During a diagnosed epizootic of FMD, every lame animal may be examined further for possible FMD infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect Thermographic Changes in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Experimentally Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Dunbar¹,

Johnson²,

Rhyan³

et al. 2009

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Infrared thermography (IRT) measures the heat emitted from a surface, displays that information as a pictorial representation called a thermogram, and is capable of being a remote, noninvasive technology that provides information on the health of an animal. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by FMD virus (FMDV) is a severe, highly communicable viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including both domestic and wild ruminants. Early detection of the disease may reduce economic loss and loss of susceptible wildlife. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of IRT to detect possible heat changes associated with sites of infection with FMDV in experimentally infected mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Infection occurred through either inoculation with FMDV or exposure to inoculated animals. Early vesicular lesions were observed on the mouth, feet, or both within 24 hrs postinoculation and 48-96 hrs post-exposure. From internal temperature sensors, the exposed animals' body temperatures elevated significantly from the pre-infection temperature (38.8uC, P # 0.002) starting the day before any lesions were observed. Body temperature was also found not to be significantly different from eye temperatures of well-focused thermograms. For feet thermograms, the mean of the daily maximum (MMAX) foot temperature rose significantly (P 5 0.017) from two days before (27.3uC 6 1.9uC SE) to the maximum MMAX observed (33.0uC 6 2.0uC SE) at two days after the first foot lesion occurrence. These observed changes indicate that IRT may be a rapid, remote, and noninvasive method to screen for suspect animals in order to test further for FMDV infection during an FMD outbreak.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposed economic losses, if an outbreak were to occur in Kansas, range from $35 million to $1 billion. 7 The impacts of FMD are mainly to cattle and swine, but FMDV affects, and can be transmitted by, other clovenhoofed animals including domestic ruminants (i.e., sheep, goats) and wild ruminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect Thermographic Changes in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Experimentally Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Dunbar¹,

Johnson²,

Rhyan³

et al. 2009

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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“…Pathogens may also affect economic and social components of protected areas, via their relationships with affected biotic components. For example, disease may lead to reduced tourism visitation to protected areas via altered visitor perceptions (Rittichainuwat and Chakraborty 2009) or, where livestock is affected, negatively impact economic earnings from agricultural production in the surrounding matrix (Pendell et al 2007). This can, in turn, facilitate the development of unbalanced economic policies and costly management interventions (Coker et al 2011, Thomson et al 2013, and thereby influence elements of continuity.…”

Section: Disease As a Driver Of Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens, disease, and the social-ecological resilience of protected areas

Vos¹,

Cumming²,

Cumming³

et al. 2016

E&S

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ABSTRACT. It is extremely important for biodiversity conservation that protected areas are resilient to a range of potential future perturbations. One of the least studied influences on protected area resilience is that of disease. We argue that wildlife disease (1) is a social-ecological problem that must be approached from an interdisciplinary perspective; (2) has the potential to lead to changes in the identity of protected areas, possibly transforming them; and (3) interacts with conservation both directly (via impacts on wild animals, livestock, and people) and indirectly (via the public, conservation management, and veterinary responses). We use southern African protected areas as a case study to test a framework for exploring the connections between conservation, endemic disease, and socialecological resilience. We first define a set of criteria for the social-ecological identity of protected areas. We then use these criteria to explore the potential impacts of selected diseases (foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, malaria, rabies, rift valley fever, trypanosomiasis, and canine distemper) on protected area resilience. Although endemic diseases may have a number of direct impacts on both wild animals and domestic animals and people, the indirect pathways by which diseases influence social-ecological resilience also emerge as potentially important. The majority of endemic pathogens found in protected areas do not kill large numbers of wild animals or infect many people, and may even play valuable ecological roles; but occasional disease outbreaks and mortalities can have a large impact on public perceptions and disease management, potentially making protected areas unviable in one or more of their stated aims. Neighboring landowners also have a significant impact on park management decisions. The indirect effects triggered by disease in the human social and economic components of protected areas and surrounding landscapes may ultimately have a greater influence on protected area resilience than the direct ecological perturbations caused by disease.

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“…First, the estimated direct impacts of an event are converted into final demand expenditure changes. Second, these changes in final expenditures are imposed on the I-O model to calculate the total (direct plus indirect) effects on the economy [9][10][11]. Although it reflects the structure of an economy and the interaction among various sectors, the I-O approach leaves out crucial price-related adjustments that may be important in determining the economic impacts of shocks.…”

Section: Cge Analysis Of Potential Fmd Outbreak In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Impacts of Potential Foot and Mouth Disease Agroterrorism in the USA: A General Equilibrium Analysis

Oladosu¹

2012

J Bioterror Biodef

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The foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus has high agro-terrorism potential because it is contagious, can be easily transmitted via inanimate objects and can be spread by wind. An outbreak of FMD in developed countries results in massive slaughtering of animals (for disease control) and disruptions in meat supply chains and trade, with potentially large economic losses. Although the United States has been FMD-free since 1929, the potential of FMD as a deliberate terrorist weapon calls for estimates of the physical and economic damage that could result from an outbreak. This paper estimates the economic impacts of three alternative scenarios of potential FMD attacks using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the US economy. The three scenarios range from a small outbreak successfully contained within a state to a large multi-state attack resulting in slaughtering of 30 percent of the national livestock. Overall, the value of total output losses in our simulations range between $37 billion (0.15% of 2006 baseline economic output) and $228 billion (0.92%). Major impacts stem from the supply constraint on livestock due to massive animal slaughtering. As expected, the economic losses are heavily concentrated in agriculture and food manufacturing sectors, with losses ranging from $23 billion to $61 billion in the two industries.

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The Economic Impacts of a Foot-And-Mouth Disease Outbreak: A Regional Analysis

Cited by 92 publications

References 12 publications

Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect Thermographic Changes in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Experimentally Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect Thermographic Changes in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Experimentally Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Pathogens, disease, and the social-ecological resilience of protected areas

Economic Impacts of Potential Foot and Mouth Disease Agroterrorism in the USA: A General Equilibrium Analysis

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