Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect Thermographic Changes in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Experimentally Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Dunbar, Mike R.; Johnson, Shylo R.; Rhyan, Jack C.; McCollum, Matt

doi:10.1638/2008-0087.1

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Positive research outcomes prompted scientists to investigate the effectiveness of thermographic methods in diagnosing non-invasive diseases in wild animals. Dunbar et al (2009) used infrared thermography to detect temperature changes in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) infected with foot-and-mouth disease. A considerable rise in temperature was observed in thermograms as early as 2 days before the occurrence of the first disease symptoms.…”

Section: Disease Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

et al. 2012

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Thermography is an imaging method which registers infrared waves in the electromagnetic spectrum that are emitted by all objects on the Earth. The state and properties of the studied objects and organisms can be evaluated by analyzing images of temperature distribution on their surface. Thermography has numerous practical applications, including in construction, industry, and the military and civil services. In natural sciences, thermal imaging techniques support safe and non-invasive measurements and the acquisition of results that cannot be obtained by any other method. Infrared thermography also creates a wide range of applications for human and veterinary medicine, ecology, zoology, and other natural sciences. Thermal imaging equipment is used to detect injuries, inflammations, and infectious diseases to control reproduction (detection of estrus and pregnancy, determination of male fertility) and lactation processes. The discussed method is applied to investigate thermoregulation in animals, to analyze the effect of environmental factors on animal behavior, to localize individuals and their habitats, and to determine the size of wildlife populations. Despite a wide range of practical applications, thermal imaging has a number of limitations which should be taken into account in studies that rely on infrared thermography techniques.

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Section: Disease Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

et al. 2012

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“…The results indicate IRT as a promising screening technology for a quick selection of potentially infected animals for confirmatory diagnostic testing during FMD outbreaks. Thermograms of the mouth and feet of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) experimentally infected with FMDV revealed that only IRT pictures of the feet provided information useful in disease screening; foot temperatures increased significantly as lesions developed (12). This increase started 48 hours before any disease lesions were observed, indicating that disease detection before lesion development may be possible.…”

Section: Infrared Thermography As a Diagnostic Tool For An Early Detementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease: Rapid field-based assays

Niedbalski¹

2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The rapid and accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is critical for effective disease control. Most of laboratory-based methods can provide objective results within a few hours of sample receipt. However, the time taken to transport suspect material to the laboratory can be unacceptably long, often precluding laboratory confirmation in the event of an outbreak. Therefore, rapid and easy-to-perform tests, which can be used in the field (on-site) in case of a suspected disease outbreak, would be a valuable tool for veterinarians in the initial diagnosis of FMDV. The lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFI) test has been efficiently used for the detection of specific antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins. FMDV serotypes O, A, Asia 1, SAT 2 and non-serotype-specific FMDV. Recently, several FMD-specific real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays have been transferred to portable mobile platforms and evaluated for the detection of FMDV in the field: the Cepheid SmartCycler Real-time PCR machine, Enigma FL and LightCycler Nano System. The BioSeeq-Vet (Smiths Detection) was the first commercially available truly portable PCR instrument for the detection of viral RNA in the field. Additionally, a new portable amplification platform Genie I for the on-site detection of viral RNA by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has also been developed and evaluated. Infrared thermography (IRT), a quantitative method for the assessment of body surface temperature, may also be a useful tool for the early detection of FMDV in the field. In the absence of overt clinical signs, the IRT rapid screening test, which measures heat emission, can be essential in selecting potentially infected animals. Microarrays, a recently introduced technology for the laboratory diagnosis of FMD, offers greater screening capabilities for FMDV detection and can be regarded as an alternative to classical diagnostic methods.

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“…23 Infrared imaging has been an effective disease surveillance tool in some situations, for example, as a screening tool for rabies in raccoons and FMD in ungulates. 10,11 Work is beginning on the use of temporary feed stations for feral swine. The stations may minimize migration, allow scientists to conduct remote disease surveillance through infrared imaging, and permit administering vaccines, therapeutics, or toxicants for disease management.…”

Section: Current and Potential Techniques For Disease Management In Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Diseases From Wildlife Reservoirs

2010

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Interest in the epidemiology of emerging diseases of humans and livestock as they relate to wildlife has increased greatly over the past several decades. Many factors, most anthropogenic, have facilitated the emergence of diseases from wildlife. Some livestock diseases have ''spilled over'' to wildlife and then ''spilled back'' to livestock. When a population is exposed to an infectious agent, depending on an interaction of factors involving the host, agent, and environment, the population may be resistant to infection or may become a dead-end host, a spillover host, or a maintenance host. Each exposure is unique; the same species of host and agent may respond differently in different situations. Management actions that affect the environment and behavior of a potential host animal may allow the emergence of a new or as yet undetected disease. There are many barriers in preventing, detecting, monitoring and managing wildlife diseases. These may include political and legal hurdles, lack of knowledge about many diseases of wildlife, the absence of basic data on wildlife populations, difficulties with surveillance, and logistical constraints. Increasing interaction between wildlife and humans or domestic animals may lead to disease emergence and require innovative methods and strategies for disease surveillance and management in wildlife.

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Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect Thermographic Changes in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Experimentally Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

Recent progress in the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease: Rapid field-based assays

Emergence of Diseases From Wildlife Reservoirs

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