The economics of irrigated paddy in Usangu Basin in Tanzania: water utilization, productivity, income and livelihood implications

Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Kashaigili, Japhet J.; Mdoe, N.S.Y.

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2004.08.010

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Ground data came from the Sustainable Management of the Usangu Wetlands and Its Catchment (SMUWC, ) project and the International Water Management Institute (SMUWC, ). The Usangu basin (darker grey sub‐basin in Figure ) is part of the Great Ruaha sub‐basin and covers approximately 20 810 km 2 or about 12% of the entire Rufiji basin (Kadigi et al ., ). As was described earlier, the Rufiji basin is limited in ground data to drive a water balance model as well as validate an RS‐based water balance model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measuring water availability with limited ground data: assessing the feasibility of an entirely remote-sensing-based hydrologic budget of the Rufiji Basin, Tanzania, using TRMM, GRACE, MODIS, SRB, and AIRS

Armanios

Fisher

2012

Hydrol. Process.

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This study explores the feasibility of an entirely satellite remote sensing (RS)‐based hydrologic budget model for a ground data‐constrained basin, the Rufiji basin in Tanzania, from the balance of runoff (Q), precipitation (P), storage change (ΔS), and evapotranspiration (ET). P was determined from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, ΔS from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, and ET from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, the surface radiation budget, and the Atmosphere Infrared Radiation Sounder. Q was estimated as a residual of the water balance and tested against measured Q for a sub‐basin of the Rufiji (the Usangu basin) where ground measurements were available (R2 = 0.58, slope = 1.9, root mean square error = 29 mm/month, bias = 14%). We also tested a geographical information system (GIS)‐driven (ArcCN‐runoff) runoff model (R2 = 0.64, slope = 0.43, root mean square error = 39 mm/month). We conducted an error propagation analysis from each of the model's hydrologic components (P, ET, and ΔS). We find that the RS‐based model amplitude is most sensitive to ET and slightly less so to P, whereas the model's seasonal trends are most sensitive to ∆S. Although RS–GIS‐driven models are becoming increasingly used, our results indicate that long‐term water resource assessment policy and management may be more appropriate than ‘instantaneous’ or short‐term water resource assessment. However, our analyses help develop a series of tools and techniques to progress our understanding of RS–GIS in water resource management of data‐constrained basins at the level of a water resource manager. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measuring water availability with limited ground data: assessing the feasibility of an entirely remote-sensing-based hydrologic budget of the Rufiji Basin, Tanzania, using TRMM, GRACE, MODIS, SRB, and AIRS

Armanios

Fisher

2012

Hydrol. Process.

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“…A limited number of records show that rice was grown under irrigated conditions in the Kilombero Valley, Morogoro (Kato 2007), and Usangu basin, Mbeya (Kadigi et al 2004) as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century. In 1948, the colonial government introduced a 1000-ha modern irrigation system at Kilangani, Morogoro (Therkildsen 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the 1967 Arusha Declaration (policy on socialism and self-reliance), financial support for state-owned rice irrigation schemes was received from major donor countries, including China and North Korea (Therkildsen 2011). Moreover, trade liberalization in 1986 attracted many private traders to the rice market (Kato 2007), and the profitability of the rice trade encouraged many farmers to develop small-scale irrigation (Meertens et al 1999;Kadigi et al 2004). As a means of poverty reduction and food security, the government has made substantial efforts in rehabilitating existing irrigation facilities and constructing new irrigation schemes (MoWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation) 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of basic cultivation techniques to increase irrigated rice yields in Tanzania

Sekiya

Tomitaka

Oizumi

et al. 2017

Paddy Water Environ

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The productivity of irrigated rice is low in Tanzania. We hypothesized that this is caused by the absence of a packaged application of basic cultivation techniques. A baseline survey of 31 rice irrigation schemes across the country revealed that a large proportion of fields were cultivated without a technical package. Thus, a package was introduced to each of the 31 schemes through a farmer-to-farmer (FTF) extension approach. First, selected key farmers (KFs) were trained with the basic cultivation techniques at agricultural training institutes. Second, the KFs transferred their knowledge to intermediate farmers (IFs) by working together at a demo-field established in each scheme. Third, the KFs and IFs exhibited the rice performance to other farmers (OFs). The paddy yield across the 31 schemes greatly increased from the pretraining level of 2.4 t ha -1 to 3.6 t ha -1 after the FTF extension. However, the farmer interviews in the four selected schemes suggested that the technical package was not adopted by all farmers owing to the time-consuming nature of the FTF extension. It was inferred from our study that the low productivity of irrigated rice is caused by the absence of basic cultivation techniques in Tanzania. However, the post-training yield remained relatively low compared with high-yields (4.3-8.4 t ha -1 ) recorded in cultivar selection trials and high-performing schemes in the county. This ''yield gap'' could be partly ascribed to the insufficient technical diffusion and the technique-dependent adoption among OFs.

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“…However there has been an increase in cultivated land due to population increase and investment in agriculture sector (FAO, 2008). Kadigi et al (2004) argues that land for rain-fed agriculture varies depending on the amount and distribution of rainfall in the area. In semi-arid Tanzania, like other similar regions of sub-Saharan Africa, inadequate soil moisture and low soil fertility have been top challenges facing rain-fed agriculture (Gowing et al, 2003;Barron et al, 2003;Quinn et al, 2003;Mupangwa et al, 2006;Makurira et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability and adaptation of rain fed agriculture to climate change and variability in semi-arid Tanzania

Mongi¹,

Majule²,

Lyimo³

2010

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A vulnerability assessment of rain fed agriculture to climate change and variability in semi-arid parts of Tabora Region in Tanzania was conducted in 2009. Four village clusters were selected out of which, three villages represent Millennium Villages Program (MVP) namely Mbola, Mpenge and Isila from Uyui District. One village namely Tumbi from Tabora Urban bordering the MVP was also selected. Both primary and secondary data were collected using different methods including structured questionnaire interviews, focus group discussion, documentary review and field observations. Structured questionnaire interviews were administered to 7% of all farmers selected at random from the four villages and 30 research and extension officers obtained through accidental purposeful sampling. Simple regression and t-test analyses of numeric data for rainfall and temperature collected over the last 35 growing seasons were performed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Analysis System respectively. Non-numeric data were coded, summarized and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences spreadsheet. Results indicate that the overall rainfall amount was found to decline while distribution was varying both in time and space. Inter-seasonal dry spells between January and February appeared to increase both in duration and frequency. Temperature has shown an increasing trend. Minimum temperature increased faster (R 2 = 0.68, p<0.001) while maximum temperature increased gradually (R 2 = 0.24, p<0.01). Farmers, research and extension officers also perceived these changes by the help of a series of indicators. Nevertheless, perception on the climate change indicators varied depending on the type of livelihood activity most affected. Major implications on rain fed agriculture are possible shrinking of the growing season, increasing moisture and heat stress to common food and cash crops, increased insects and pests and eventually low income and food insecurity. This study concludes that there is strong evidence demonstrating the vulnerability of rain fed agriculture to negative impacts of climate change and variability in the study area. It is suggested that there is a need for multi-level interventions on adaptation to climate change and variability taking into account a wide range of stakeholder involvement.

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The economics of irrigated paddy in Usangu Basin in Tanzania: water utilization, productivity, income and livelihood implications

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Measuring water availability with limited ground data: assessing the feasibility of an entirely remote-sensing-based hydrologic budget of the Rufiji Basin, Tanzania, using TRMM, GRACE, MODIS, SRB, and AIRS

Measuring water availability with limited ground data: assessing the feasibility of an entirely remote-sensing-based hydrologic budget of the Rufiji Basin, Tanzania, using TRMM, GRACE, MODIS, SRB, and AIRS

Importance of basic cultivation techniques to increase irrigated rice yields in Tanzania

Vulnerability and adaptation of rain fed agriculture to climate change and variability in semi-arid Tanzania

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