The Economics of Knowledge

Calvert, Philip

doi:10.1108/14684520510583981

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In a noisy room, it is advantageous to have visual contact with someone whose words we try to understand. This so-called ‘cocktail party effect’ highlights an important feature of multisensory integration—the ability of a given sensory modality to interact with another by enhancing or suppressing its sensation [ 36 ]. In humans, cross-modal interactions can also be highlighted by the phenomenon that the nose smells what the eye sees [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal integration and stimulus categorization in putative mushroom body output neurons of the honeybee

Strube-Bloss

Rößler

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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Flowers attract pollinating insects like honeybees by sophisticated compositions of olfactory and visual cues. Using honeybees as a model to study olfactory–visual integration at the neuronal level, we focused on mushroom body (MB) output neurons (MBON). From a neuronal circuit perspective, MBONs represent a prominent level of sensory-modality convergence in the insect brain. We established an experimental design allowing electrophysiological characterization of olfactory, visual, as well as olfactory–visual induced activation of individual MBONs. Despite the obvious convergence of olfactory and visual pathways in the MB, we found numerous unimodal MBONs. However, a substantial proportion of MBONs (32%) responded to both modalities and thus integrated olfactory–visual information across MB input layers. In these neurons, representation of the olfactory–visual compound was significantly increased compared with that of single components, suggesting an additive, but nonlinear integration. Population analyses of olfactory–visual MBONs revealed three categories: (i) olfactory, (ii) visual and (iii) olfactory–visual compound stimuli. Interestingly, no significant differentiation was apparent regarding different stimulus qualities within these categories. We conclude that encoding of stimulus quality within a modality is largely completed at the level of MB input, and information at the MB output is integrated across modalities to efficiently categorize sensory information for downstream behavioural decision processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal integration and stimulus categorization in putative mushroom body output neurons of the honeybee

Strube-Bloss

Rößler

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…Alternatively, the spatially distinct pattern of age-related differences in deactivation may allude to an indirect effect of age-related sensory reweighting between the auditory and visual systems. Sensory reweighting contributes to increased instability in older adults due to changes between the influence of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive senses on balance [Calvert et al, 2004]. This strategy difference or change in intersensory weighting may contribute to why older adults are more disturbed by auditory noise when performing a non-spatial visual selective attention task than younger adults, yet no age-related difference was seen in the same population on a similar spatial visual task with auditory interference [e.g., Talsma et al, 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and the interaction of sensory cortical function and structure

Peiffer¹,

Hugenschmidt²,

Maldjian³

et al. 2007

Human Brain Mapping

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Even the healthiest older adults experience changes in cognitive and sensory function. Studies show that older adults have reduced neural responses to sensory information. However, it is well known that sensory systems do not act in isolation but function cooperatively to either enhance or suppress neural responses to individual environmental stimuli. Very little research has been dedicated to understanding how aging affects the interactions between sensory systems, especially cross-modal deactivations or the ability of one sensory system (e.g., audition) to suppress the neural responses in another sensory system cortex (e.g., vision). Such cross-modal interactions have been implicated in attentional shifts between sensory modalities and could account for increased distractibility in older adults. To assess age-related changes in cross-modal deactivations, functional MRI studies were performed in 61 adults between 18 and 80 years old during simple auditory and visual discrimination tasks. Results within visual cortex confirmed previous findings of decreased responses to visual stimuli for older adults. Age-related changes in the visual cortical response to auditory stimuli were, however, much more complex and suggested an alteration with age in the functional interactions between the senses. Ventral visual cortical regions exhibited cross-modal deactivations in younger but not older adults, whereas more dorsal aspects of visual cortex were suppressed in older but not younger adults. These differences in deactivation also remained after adjusting for age-related reductions in brain volume of sensory cortex. Thus, functional differences in cortical activity between older and younger adults cannot solely be accounted for by differences in gray matter volume.

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“…Classic examples of multisensory perceptual “illusions” include spatial ventriloquism (mislocalization of sounds toward temporally correlated but displaced visual events), auditory driving (misperception of visual events as having the temporal frequency of apparently related auditory events), and the McGurk effect (perception of speech sounds influenced by seen lip movements). See Calvert et al. (2004), Macaluso and Driver (2005), Spence and Driver (2004) , and Vroomen and de Gelder (2004) for more extensive reviews of such perceptual phenomena.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory Interplay Reveals Crossmodal Influences on ‘Sensory-Specific’ Brain Regions, Neural Responses, and Judgments

Driver

Noesselt

2008

Neuron

846

690

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Although much traditional sensory research has studied each sensory modality in isolation, there has been a recent explosion of interest in causal interplay between different senses. Various techniques have now identified numerous multisensory convergence zones in the brain. Some convergence may arise surprisingly close to low-level sensory-specific cortex, and some direct connections may exist even between primary sensory cortices. A variety of multisensory phenomena have now been reported in which sensory-specific brain responses and perceptual judgments concerning one sense can be affected by relations with other senses. We survey recent progress in this multisensory field, foregrounding human studies against the background of invasive animal work and highlighting possible underlying mechanisms. These include rapid feedforward integration, possible thalamic influences, and/or feedback from multisensory regions to sensory-specific brain areas. Multisensory interplay is more prevalent than classic modular approaches assumed, and new methods are now available to determine the underlying circuits.

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The Economics of Knowledge

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Multimodal integration and stimulus categorization in putative mushroom body output neurons of the honeybee

Multimodal integration and stimulus categorization in putative mushroom body output neurons of the honeybee

Aging and the interaction of sensory cortical function and structure

Multisensory Interplay Reveals Crossmodal Influences on ‘Sensory-Specific’ Brain Regions, Neural Responses, and Judgments

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