The Economics of Transaction Costs

Znaczenie kosztów transakcyjnych dla ekspansji zagranicznej przedsiębiorstw

“…Pierwszy rodzaj obejmuje koszty doprowadzenia do zawarcia umowy, a wi c koszty poszukiwania informacji, koszty negocjacji i podj cia decyzji. Do drugiego rodzaju zaliczane s koszty monitorowania i egzekucji umowy (Rao, 2003). Te dwie kategorie kosztów s powi zane, co powoduje, e obni aj c jedn z nich, nale y uwzgl dni efekty, jakie taka decyzja wywrze na ca kowite koszty (np.…”

Tenure Security and Land Appropriation under Changing Environmental Governance in Lowland Bolivia and Pará

“…Both formal rules and social norms configure the economics of transaction costs that determine who legitimizes access to lands, such as the costs of planning, adapting, and monitoring under specific institutional settings [27][28][29]. Property rights are designed to lower fixed transaction costs by excluding others from the use of scarce resources [30]. This view stresses the importance of distinguishing between diverse bundles of rights (i.e., access, withdrawal, management, exclusion, alienation) [31]; thus, land regularization efforts should aim at unfolding these bundles of rights to clarify who has what type of rights to which resources.…”

Collaboration in the Australian and Chinese Mobile Telecommunication Markets

“…They analysed and examined different aspects and types of business collaboration in industries and case studies. 10 Opportunism is self interest seeking behaviour with guile (Williamson 1975 Williamson 1971Williamson , 1975Arrow 1974Arrow , 1969Agarwal and Ramaswami 1992;Bellon and Niosi 2001;Rao 2003;Papadopoulos et al 2008 Behavioural theory Emphasises the role of firm goals in inter-firm collaboration and focuses on the supplier-customer relationship Focuses on the decision making process, prices, and outputs, which are mostly determined within the firm Barnard 1938;Simon 1947;March and Simon 1958;Cyert and March 1963;Simon 1982;Schoemaker 1990;Aulakh et al 1996;Bazerman 2006 Agency theory Studies the ex ante incentives of collaboration, focuses on incomplete contracting and efficient operation Focuses only on the principal and agent relationship, does not explain some managerial problems Berle and Means 1932;Jensen and Meckling 1976;Arrow 1985;Pratt and Zeckhauser 1985;Levinthal 1988;Castanias and Helfat 1991 Property rights theory Applied neoclassical theory to industry cases and identified the role of property rights On the other hand, the resource based view captures different aspects of resources (such as network capabilities from the network perspective, human capital of the knowledge based view an...…”