The Effect of a Horse-Riding Simulator with Virtual Reality on Gross Motor Function and Body Composition of Children with Cerebral Palsy: Preliminary Study

Jung, Yong Gi; Chang, Hyun Jung; Jo, Eun Sol; Kim, Da Hye

doi:10.3390/s22082903

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Twenty-one studies were deleted for not meeting the inclusion criteria (reasons in Figure 1 ). Finally, 12 clinical trials were included in this review [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. All studies provided data for the qualitative synthesis (systematic review), and 10 reported quantitative data for use in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) [ 63 , 64 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies included in this review were conducted between 1998 and 2022 in India [ 64 , 67 ], South Korea [ 65 , 66 , 70 , 71 ], Iraq [ 63 ], Spain [ 69 ], Brazil [ 73 ], Thailand [ 74 ] and the USA [ 72 ]. The included studies reported data from 343 patients with spastic diplegic CP with ages between 2 and 16 years old, of which 56% were male versus 44% female.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The included studies reported data from 343 patients with spastic diplegic CP with ages between 2 and 16 years old, of which 56% were male versus 44% female. The experimental group comprised 180 patients who received an HRS intervention alone [ 68 , 69 , 72 , 73 , 74 ] or in combination with conventional therapy [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 70 , 71 ]. The control group comprised 163 patients who received conventional therapy [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 70 , 71 , 73 ] or sham [ 68 , 69 , 72 , 74 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Mechanical Horse-Riding Simulator-Based Interventions in Patients with Cerebral Palsy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: Mechanical horse-riding simulator (HRS) exercises are a type of therapy based on the use of robotic or mechanical devices that produces movement similar to a real horse with the aim of simulating hippotherapy. This review analyses the effectiveness of HRS therapies in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: A systematic review and a meta-analysis were carried out by searching studies in PubMed Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL, PEDro and SciELO up until October 2022. We selected clinical trials that assessed the effectiveness of HRS therapy, compared to other interventions, in patients with CP. The main variables were gross motor function (its global score and dimensions, such as sitting ability), functional balance, spasticity, hip range of motion (ROM), posturographic balance and satisfaction. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The pooled effect was calculated using Cohen’s Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) for a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Twelve studies were included in the systematic review, and 10 were included in the meta-analysis, providing data from 343 patients with spastic diplegic CP. Our findings revealed that HRS plus physiotherapy is more effective than physiotherapy in improving the total gross motor function (SMD 0.98; 95% CI 0.35–1.62), sitting ability of the gross motor function (SMD 0.84; 95% CI 0.32–1.36) and functional balance (SMD 0.6; 95% CI 0.1–1.08), and HRS therapy is better than sham to improve pelvic abduction ROM (SMD 0.79; 95% CI 0.21–1.37). Conclusions: Horse-riding simulator-based therapy is an effective therapy to improve gross motor function, functional balance and abduction pelvic ROM in children with CP, in comparison to physiotherapy or sham.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Mechanical Horse-Riding Simulator-Based Interventions in Patients with Cerebral Palsy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…In [29], the researches uses a HRS device, a HMD to provide an immersive VR experience and a pair of hand-tracking device for controlling the VR game content. Each session consists of the following cycle: warm-up, first training program, rest period, second training program, and cool down for a total of about 30 minutes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Virtual Reality-Based Hippotherapy Simulator Exergaming Software and Its Controller for Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Indonesia: An Engineering Concept

Satriawan¹,

Trusaji²,

Hasanuddin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Horse riding therapy, also known as hippotherapy, is a popular treatment for children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the need for trained therapists, massive land use, and expensive maintenance of the horse ranch makes hippotherapy not affordable or even available for most patients in Indonesia. This problem motivates us to consider mechanical horse riding simulator machines to replace actual horse hippotherapy. However, most patients are children and are easily bored when asked to do monotonous activities for an extended period. The room setting also does not give the patient visual inputs that usually help motivates the children in real-horse hippotherapy activities. To solve this problem, we designed an exercise game (exergaming) software which we named \textit{Sirkus Apel}, providing the patients with fun activities while doing the therapy. We also design an inertial sensor-based controller that lets the patients control the in-game horse by their back movements, which also benefits CP patients. To make the visual input enjoyable to the user while also considering the user's safety, we built a convex mirror-based dome virtual reality to provide an immersive 3-D experience. We then project the game content to the dome to provide an immersive experience to the patients making it as if they are riding a real horse inside the game.

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“…Other popular option is OSIM uGallop (Taiwan), used by 3 teams of researchers [18,23,24]. Lastly, SRIDER (Neiplus,Korea) [15], Shinhwa (Korea) [25], and Jufit JFF043QM (China) [26] each used by 1 team of researcher. However, all of the store-bought HRS devices have a similar design.…”

Section: Related Research and Contribution Of Our Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horse Riding Simulator Design to Replicate Human Walking Gait for Hippotherapy in Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation

Trusaji¹,

Satriawan²,

Rahadini³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hippotherapy is a popular rehabilitation method for children with cerebral palsy (CP), which is done by riding an actual horse or a horse riding simulator (HRS) device. Riding a real horse is more expensive than using an HRS device due to its high maintenance cost. However, most HRS devices commonly sold in the market are designed as exercise devices, not rehabilitation devices. Most of them are designed to simulate a horse's walk, trot, canter, or gallop gait at various speeds. Hippotherapy aims to improve the walking ability of CP patients. Therefore, the device should aim to replicate the walking gait of a healthy human, the end goal of hippotherapy. This problem motivates us to design and build a specialized HRS device replicating the walking gait of a healthy human that is suitable for hippotherapy, which is achievable by simulating a horse walking gait with several adjustments. We first studied and observed the walking gait cycle of a horse, then analyzed and derived a formulation of it. We then continue by designing an HRS device using a single electrical rotational motor and mechanical means to replicate the walking gait of a horse, then tune it to an extent to replicate a human walking gait. To measure the performance of our design, we compare the gait of the user when riding our device versus walking.

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The Effect of a Horse-Riding Simulator with Virtual Reality on Gross Motor Function and Body Composition of Children with Cerebral Palsy: Preliminary Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Effectiveness of Mechanical Horse-Riding Simulator-Based Interventions in Patients with Cerebral Palsy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effectiveness of Mechanical Horse-Riding Simulator-Based Interventions in Patients with Cerebral Palsy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Design of Virtual Reality-Based Hippotherapy Simulator Exergaming Software and Its Controller for Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Indonesia: An Engineering Concept

Horse Riding Simulator Design to Replicate Human Walking Gait for Hippotherapy in Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation

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