The effect of a quaternary ammonium biocide on the performance and characteristics of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors

Laopaiboon, Lakkana; Hall, Stephen J.; Smith, R. N.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01785.x

Cited by 25 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Several researchers have verified the environmental contamination by DDAC and the biodegradation of DDAC and showed that some microorganisms can degrade DDAC (Nishihara, 2000;Schoenig, 2001), but the worry remains at that higher DDAC concentrations obstruct its complete degradation. However, DDAC has the efficiency as a disinfectant against E. coil at a lower concentration than 20 mg/L which is the MIC value obtained for microorganisms in wastewater treatment system (Laopaiboon et al, 2002). Consequently, DDAC is thought to be a useful disinfectant for washing apparatuses and facilities in food factories, and in environmental sanitation.…”

Section: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Mic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of the Action of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) against Escherichia coli and Morphological Changes of the Cells

Yoshimatsu¹,

Hiyama

2007

Biocontrol Sci.

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The antibacterial activity of a disinfectant with geminated twin long-chain alkyl groups, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), was investigated.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of DDAC against Eschrichia coil was revealed to be a small value, 1.3 mg/L, by using the specific growth rates, IA, obtained from the cultivation in a liquid nutrient broth (NB) medium. The relationship between the leakage of proteins or 13 -galactosidase and the DDAC concentration showed that the leakage of intracellular macromolecules occurs at around 3 -4 mg/L DDAC. Furthermore, the effect of DDAC on the enhancement of membrane fluidity was examined by using liposomes labeled with a fluorescent probe. It was shown that the phase transition occurs at around 3 mg/L DDAC. The bleb formation of E. col/ cells in the presence of DDAC was also examined by use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, bleb formation was not observed at around 3 mg/L DDAC but at concentrations higher than 50 mg/L. These results suggested that the action of DDAC toward the cell membrane causes the leakage of the intracellular molecules and the subsequent death of the cells. Thus the bleb formation seemed to be a result of the action of the DDAC toward the cell membrane but not to be a reason for the death of the cells.

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Section: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Mic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of the Action of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) against Escherichia coli and Morphological Changes of the Cells

Yoshimatsu¹,

Hiyama

2007

Biocontrol Sci.

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“…The configuration of the single stage laboratory scale RBC units is shown in Table 1. Laopaiboon et al 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is accepted that sessile bacteria are more resistant to a biocide than their planktonic counterparts (Eginton et al 1998;Stewart et al 1998;Laopaiboon et al 2002). However, when the bacteria in the biofilms shed to the planktonic phase, they showed no increase in resistance to the biocide.…”

Section: Susceptibility Changes Of Cells To the Bactericidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of glutaraldehyde biocide on laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors and biocide efficacy

Laopaiboon¹,

Phukoetphim²,

Laopaiboon³

2006

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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The effect of glutaraldehyde, a commercial biocide widely used in paper and pulp industry, on the performance of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors (RBCs) as well as biocide efficacy was studied. Biofilms were established on the RBCs and then exposed to 0 -180 ppm glutaraldehyde at a dilution rate of 1.60 h -1 . The results showed that the biofilms became acclimated to glutaraldehyde and eventually could degrade it. Acclimation to the biocide took longer at the higher biocide concentrations. The degree of biocide degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal depended on acclimation period, the presence of other organic matters and the amount of mineral salts available. Glutaraldehyde at up to 80 ppm had no effect on treatment efficiency and populations of biofilms and planktonic phase of the system whereas *Corresponding author glutaraldehyde at 180 ppm caused a progressive decline in all measured values. However, no glutaraldehyde concentration used in the study was sufficiently high to kill microorganisms in the RBC system. The presence of biofilm provided additional resistance to glutaraldehyde to bacteria because the biocide had to penetrate through biofilm to reach bacteria. The increased resistance of bacteria to glutaraldehyde due to acclimation should be considered in biocide applications.Glutaraldehyde (1,5-pentanedial) is a non-oxidizing biocide which achieves its biocidal activity by involving the crosslinking of the outer proteinaceous layers of the cell in such a way that cellular permeability is altered. The bacterial cell is unable to undertake most, if not all, of its essential functions. The ability of the outer covering of the cell to

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“…In addition to aerosol forms, in manmade water systems, legionellae, like most other aquatic bacteria often exist as attached complex consortia (Green and Pirrie, 1993;Murga et al, 2001;Petti et al, 2004). Biofilms and sediments might create significant problems such as fouling (Johansen et al, 1997), heat transfer resistance (Wright et al, 1991), filter plugging (Laopaiboon et al, 2002) and metal corrosion (Momba and Binda, 2002), as well as increased resistance to antimicrobial compounds (Green and Pirrie, 1993;Surman et al, 1993;Viera et al, 1999;Kool, 2002) in water systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QACs have been actively deployed since the 1930s with no apparent reduction in their effectiveness (McBain, 2004). These are a widely used group of non-oxidizing biocides for control of microbial growth in a variety of applications, such as cooling tower systems, disinfection and sterilisation, corrosion inhibition, wood preservation, dispersion agents and in food production (Lutey, 1995;Laopaiboon et al, 2002;Majtàn and Majtànovà, 2003;Korukoglu et al, 2006). Gemacide PN-50 TM is an alternative compound to oxidizing agents, safe for humans, stable in solution even at elevated temperatures and a wide range of pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a quaternary ammonium compound against planktonic and sessile populations of differentLegionella pneumophila strains

2007

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Efficacy of Gemacide PN-50 TM (a quaternary ammonium compound) as a commercial formulation recommended for disinfecting heat exchangers was determined for both planktonic and sessile populations of various Legionella pneumophila strains. The quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) was preferred as an alternative due to the emerging resistance of potentially pathogenic bacteria against different biocides. Planktonic L. pneumophila strains were suspended in tap water while sessile ones were grown on stainless steel that is used in construction of the cooling towers, then both group of strains were exposed to the biocide. The sensitivity of both planktonic and sessile populations of L. pneumophila strains to the biocide was different. The biocide was found effective below recommended dosages (1000-2000 mg/L) against planktonic populations of L. pneumophila, whereas it was determined that higher than the recommended dosages were required for sessile populations. The environmental isolates were more resistant to the biocide than the ATCC isolate was. The results indicated that studying only the planktonic populations of L. pneumophila for biocide tests might not be sufficient to provide the optimum dosage and contact time information for field trials. Therefore, biocidal activity of a water treatment chemical must be evaluated in terms of dosage and contact times on both planktonic and sessile bacteria.

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The effect of a quaternary ammonium biocide on the performance and characteristics of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Mechanism of the Action of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) against Escherichia coli and Morphological Changes of the Cells

Mechanism of the Action of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) against Escherichia coli and Morphological Changes of the Cells

Effect of glutaraldehyde biocide on laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors and biocide efficacy

Efficacy of a quaternary ammonium compound against planktonic and sessile populations of differentLegionella pneumophila strains

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