The Effect of Acute Training and Circadian Rhythm on Blood Hemostasis in Female Athletes

Abstract

Background: Circadian rhythm and physical activity are factors that influence the homeostasis of blood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exhaustive exercise in the morning and evening on the blood hemostasis in female athletes. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 30 female athletes aged 18-25 were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (morning and afternoon exercises). The standard Bruce protocol test was used. In the present study, platelets, fibrinogen, and thromboplastin time were measured as indicators of blood coagulation before and after testing. Paired t-test and covariance analysis were used to analyze the measured indices and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: An acute exhausting aerobic training session in both groups significantly increased platelet and fibrinogen levels, but a significant decrease was observed in thromboplastin time. Considering the training time, significant difference was observed in the blood thromboplastin time in the morning in comparison with the afternoon. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the circadian rhythm and acute exhausting aerobic training are effective factors on the blood coagulation and a training session in the morning compared with the evening training has a greater effect on the blood coagulation.

Effect of Wearing Face Masks During Exercise on Pulmonary Function in Healthy Non-Athlete Young Men During the Covid-19 Epidemic: Cloth Masks vs. Medical Masks

“…The results of the present study showed that combined exercises both with (medical and cloth) and without masks significantly increased the VO2max of young men. In line with the current research, Jimeno-Almazán et al showed that combined exercises increase the maximum oxygen consumption in patients who have recovered from Covid-19 [24]. Also, Prieto-Gonzalez et al showed that combined training increases the VO2max in recreational endurance athletes [25].…”

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration time on pain

“…Mora-Rodriguez and Coyle (2000) have reported signifi cantly increased plasma norepinephrine level with exercise (30) with another study reporting that G-CSF and adrenergic signal collaborate to trigger the output of hematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral area (31). In our study, it has been considered that the reason of lower pain level with G-CSF administered at 14: 00 p.m. may be associated with the effect of circadian ryhtm and exercise via increasing the concentration of hematopoietic stem cells in daytime (26,28,29,31) and that with G-CSF administered at 10: 00, pain level might increase 4 and 8 hours after injection because of overstimulation of bone marrow. Accordingly, the decreased hematopopietic stem cell circulation after sunset (26) may be associated with lower pain level assessed 4 and 8 hours after G-CSF administration at 14: 00 p.m.…”

“…Saba et al (2013) have also reported similar fi ndings (27). In studies examining the effects of circadian ryhtm and exercise on homeostasis, exercise was found to infl uence platelet synthesis (28,29) with increased platelet synthesis during daylight (29). Mora-Rodriguez and Coyle (2000) have reported signifi cantly increased plasma norepinephrine level with exercise (30) with another study reporting that G-CSF and adrenergic signal collaborate to trigger the output of hematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral area (31).…”