The effect of adding intrathecal magnesium sulphate to morphine-fentanyl spinal analgesia after thoracic surgery. A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled research study

Magnesium sulfate improves postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

“…It has been reported to potentiate lidocaine [1], induce analgesia during spinal anesthesia [2,3], improve morphine analgesia in animals [4]and humans [5], and reduce postoperative morphine consumption [6,7]. Several trials with different doses, routes, and methods of administration of magnesium have been reported, some with conflicting results [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Magnesium physiology and clinical therapy in veterinary critical care

“…It has been proposed that magnesium may block N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the spinal cord, helping to modulate wind‐up, prevent substance P release, and reduce sensitivity to pain . Intrathecal administration of magnesium sulfate (1.6, 3.2, 4.8, and 6.6 μmol) is equally as effective as an NMDA receptor antagonist in abolishing hyperalgesia caused by magnesium deficiency …”

The analgesic efficacy and safety of neuraxial magnesium sulphate

“…fentanyl or sufentanil [2]. We were interested to note that the authors chose to include studies from Ghrab et al [3] and Ouerghi et al [4], which used intrathecal morphine with intrathecal magnesium, in their meta-analysis,.…”

“…All studies identified from their literature search were appraised for quality using the Jadad score but all 25 were included in the meta-analysis, potentially affecting their conclusions. Usual practice might be to exclude all studies with a Jadad score < 3 due to low methodological quality (64% had a score of [4][5].…”

“…The IFT was being used for exactly what Tunstall intended -the detection of wakefulness, and in so doing it has clearly shown that brain monitors are unreliable indicators of consciousness up [1,2,[4][5][6].…”