The Effect of Adhesive Additives on Silica Gel Water Sorption Properties

Sztekler, Karol; Kalawa, Wojciech; Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata; Nowak, Wojciech; Mika, Łukasz; Krzywański, Jarosław; Grabowska, Karolina; Debniak, Marcin

doi:10.3390/e22030327

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Studies have been reported on a specific class of hygroscopic hydrogels that can collect water from ambient air thanks to their hydrophilic functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -SO 3 H, and -NH 2 ). [112] Compared to other well-known water absorbent materials such as zeolites [113] and silica gel, [114] hygroscopic hydrogels have lower activation energy for dehydration, which is a crucial property for facilitating the continuous operation of HEGs As introduced in Section 2.1, utilizing hygroscopic hydrogel and ionic polymer to generate electricity from the moisture has been reported. [36] Unlike deliquescent salts, hydrogels can maintain the integrity of their structure after absorbing and releasing quantities of water, which is beneficial for device construction and reliability during operation.…”

Section: Hygroscopic Materials For Moisture Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generator with Hygroscopic Materials: A Review and New Perspective

et al. 2023

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The global energy crisis caused by the overconsumption of non‐renewable fuels has prompted researchers to develop alternative strategies for producing electrical energy. In this review, we introduce a fascinating strategy that simply utilizes water, an abundant natural substance throughout the globe and even in air as moisture, as a power source. The concept of the hydrovoltaic electricity generator (HEG) proposed herein involves generating an electrical potential gradient by exposing the two ends of the HEG device to dissimilar physicochemical environments, which leads to the production of an electrical current through the active material. HEGs, with a large variety of viable active materials, have much potential for expansion toward diverse applications including permanent and/or emergency power sources. In this review, we discuss representative HEGs that generate electricity by the mechanisms of diffusion, streaming, and capacitance as case studies for building a fundamental understanding of the electricity generation process. In particular, by comparing the use and absence of hygroscopic materials, we meticulously elucidate HEG mechanism studies to establish active material design principles. We conclude the review with future perspectives on electrode design using conducting nanomaterials, considerations for high performance device construction, and potential impacts of the HEG technology in improving our livelihoods.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Section: Hygroscopic Materials For Moisture Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generator with Hygroscopic Materials: A Review and New Perspective

et al. 2023

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“…Due to the low desorption temperature, low cost, and a lack of negative impact on the environment, the silica gel-water vapor working pair is commonly used in adsorption chillers [3]. Silica gel has a fairly large specific surface area (wide pores, 250-350 m 2 /g; narrow porosity, 600-850 m 2 /g), thanks to which it is possible to adsorb a large amount of water vapor [2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Analysis of Elements of an Adsorption Chiller with Desalination Function

et al. 2021

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This paper presents the results of numerical tests on the elements of an adsorption chiller that comprises a sorption chamber with a bed, a condenser, and an evaporator. The simulation is based on the data and geometry of a prototype refrigeration appliance. The simulation of this problem is unique and has not yet been performed, and so far, no simulation of the phenomena occurring in the systems on a real scale has been carried out. The presented results are part of the research covering the entire spectrum of designing an adsorption chiller. The full process of numerical modeling of thermal and flow phenomena taking place in the abovementioned components is presented. The computational mesh sensitivity analysis combined in the k-ε turbulence model was performed. To verify and validate the numerical results obtained, they were compared with the results of tests carried out on a laboratory stand at the AGH Center of Energy. The results of numerical calculations are in good agreement with the results of the experimental tests. The maximum deviation between the pressure obtained experimentally and by simulations is 1.8%, while for temperatures this deviation is no more than 0.5%. The results allow the identification of problems and their sources, which allows for future structural modifications to optimize the operation of the device.

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“…The IIR also predicts that power consumption of cooling equipment may double by 2050 [3]. In 2017, the number of new air conditioning devices was 110 million units, an increase of 8.1% over 2016 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat transfer within the bed is hampered by the high thermal resistance of the porous adsorbent [45]. Its improvement can be achieved in several ways, which mainly include increasing the heat transfer surface in the bed, increasing the heat transfer at the heat exchanger-adsorbent interface and increasing the heat transfer inside the bed by increasing the thermal conductivity of the material filling the bed [5,24,28,31]. The first method is related to increasing the surface area of the heat exchanger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Metal Additives in the Bed on the Performance Parameters of an Adsorption Chiller with Desalination Function

et al. 2021

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Adsorption chillers with desalination functionality, being devices characterised by very low electricity consumption, provide an alternative to conventional sources of cooling and water. The option of desalinating water means that the use of a single device enables obtaining two useful products. Adsorption chillers are not widely used at present. due to their low performance characteristics; these are, however, constantly being improved. This paper presents a verification of the possibility of increasing the cooling coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power (SCP) of a laboratory adsorption chiller by optimising the length of cycle times and using a copper additive to silica gel with a mass fraction of 15% to increase heat transport in the bed. The choice of copper among other considered additives was determined by the conclusions from the research on the sorption kinetics of various mixtures, price and availability, and a high thermal conductivity. The device was operated in a two-bed mode aimed at producing cooling. The adsorbate was distilled water. The results were compared with those obtained under similar conditions when the beds were only filled with silica gel. As a result of the testing, it was found that the use of the copper additive with the sorbent increased both the COP and SCP. The tests were performed for different cycle times, of 100, 200, 300 and 600 s. With increasing cycle time COP also increased. In contrast, the specific cooling power increased only up to a certain point, whereafter its value decreased.

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The Effect of Adhesive Additives on Silica Gel Water Sorption Properties

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generator with Hygroscopic Materials: A Review and New Perspective

Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generator with Hygroscopic Materials: A Review and New Perspective

CFD Analysis of Elements of an Adsorption Chiller with Desalination Function

Effect of Metal Additives in the Bed on the Performance Parameters of an Adsorption Chiller with Desalination Function

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