The effect of Ag substitution on physico-chemical and biological properties of sol-gel derived 60%SiO2-31%CaO-4%P2O5-5%TiO2 (mol%) quaternary bioactive glass

A comprehensive review of bioactive glass: synthesis, ion substitution, application, challenges, and future perspectives

“…PSC displayed better performance in the stimulation of bone regeneration than both β-TCP and 45S5 in vivo. PSC also notably augmented the formation of new blood vessels in comparison with the ones in control groups [92,97,98]. Although bioactive glasses are naturally brittle, they are undesirable for load-bearing components.…”

“…Additionally, fabrication of bioactive composites should be evaluated in order to toxicity risk, owning lower element release rather than their biologically safe levels, render no or slight cytotoxicity. Although BG has been developed via a combination of biologically active elements like zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and strontium (Sr) to impart special biological applications and also to develop the therapeutic behavior [30][31][32][33][34]. The ion substitution turns into a novel technique in the fabrication of novel BG to affect the material and therapeutic features of BG.…”

Characterization, in vitro bioactivity and biological studies of sol‐gel‐derived TiO2 substituted 58S bioactive glass

“…BG is the first synthetic solid to bond to natural bone 10,34,35 so in recent years, substituted BGs have become fascinated by scientists for their multifunctional capabilities due to replacing components. Many elements and combinations have been substituted in BGs for different applications, for example, suitable for dental and bone implants, 36 helpful for strengthening the mechanical properties, 37–39 exert a stimulatory effect on the osteoblast proliferation, 40 and release of proper ions that can act as antibacterial properties to the biomaterial 41,42 . Additionally, BGs have been investigated to design light‐triggered and targeted drug delivery hybrids 43–45 …”