The effect of age, sex and other factors on blood chemistry in health

McPherson, Klim; Healy, M. J. R.; Flynn, F. V.; Piper, K.A.J.; Garcia-Webb, P.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(78)90254-1

Cited by 88 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Both in males and in females a negative correlation with age with equal regression coefficients of -0.06 g/l is detectable. Reviewing other reported findings, most authors agree with the sex difference (21)(22)(23)(24). Both sexes show a more or less constant level after the age of 50 years.…”

Section: Serum Albuminsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…It is apparent that starting from the age of about 30 years the female levels of inorganic phosphorus are about 0.6 mmol/1 higher than the corresponding male levels, a fact that is agreed upon by almost all other authors (21,23,24,26,29). Our data do not confirm an extraordinary difference between the trends of serum inorganic phosphorus in men and women s reported by various authors (21,22,27).…”

Section: Serum Inorganic Phosphorussupporting

confidence: 77%

“…These observations are also reflected in the overall regression coefficients of -0.06 g/l for males and -0.03 g/l for females. All other reports seen by us agree with the reported sex difference (21,23,24,(26)(27)(28)(29), but not all authors agree about the fall with age. ro -«fr *00* *00+ *00f ^OOf ^0 ^OOf "00…”

Section: Serum Total Proteinsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…As a result, the mean female levels at the age of 70 years are about 1.5 mmol/1 higher than those found in males. This finding is also reflected by the reports of Wilding et al (22) and of McPherson et al (23). Roberts (24) did not find any significant age or sex related difference for serum sodium.…”

Section: Serum Sodiumsupporting

confidence: 73%

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Indirect Estimation of Clinical Chemical Reference Intervals from Total Hospital Patient Data: Application of a Modified Bhattacharya Procedure

Baadenhuijsen¹,

Smit²

1985

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Summary:Indirect methods for the determination of reference intervals utilise äs input the total bulk of test results from all admitted hospital patients. One of the strongest arguments in favour of the use of these indirect methods is that one automatically obtains a one to one relationship between the selected population sample and the category of people for which the test results are intended. A study was conducted of the suitability of a inodification of the indirect Bhattacharya method, which also permits the evaluation of heavily skewed distributions. The robustness of the method was evaluated by studying the homogeneity, stability and reproducibility of the hospital population in terms of the statistical parameters of the input distributions and of the resulting reference intervals for creatinine, uric acid and alanine aminotransferase. Finally, the * age-and sex dependency for 15 clinical chemical parameters was compared with reported literature data. Indirekte Bestimmung klinisch-chemischer Referenzintervalle aus den gesamten Daten von IntroductionTherefore we agree with Schütz (1) that it is often It is now generally accepted that the term "Normal easier to diagnose illness than health. Values" should be abolished when dealing with the criterion for the intuitive Interpretation of test results. Considerations regarding the semantics of the referThe application of a normal ränge can only be justi-ence interval concept has been discussed at length by fied when a representative and homogeneous selec-several authors (2 -6). As advocated by the IFCC tion of the healthy population is present for the Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values (7) it is pripr study of its "healthy" .parameters. The problems good practice to speak of reference values that result associated with ascertaining state of health are great. in a reference interval after appropriate assessment

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Section: Serum Albuminsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Serum Inorganic Phosphorussupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Serum Total Proteinsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Serum Sodiumsupporting

confidence: 73%

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Indirect Estimation of Clinical Chemical Reference Intervals from Total Hospital Patient Data: Application of a Modified Bhattacharya Procedure

Baadenhuijsen¹,

Smit²

1985

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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“…In the study of human growth, research is often focused upon the estimation of reference centiles of some characteristic of interest (birthweight, birthlength, etc., see for example Lawrence et al 9 , Thompson and Theron 10 , Cole and Green 11 ), to provide the clinician with a framework in which to assess the measurement made on a new patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Distributions and the Construction of Reference Ranges for Biochemical parameters

Kamal¹,

Lawrence²,

Trewin³

et al. 2007

Pak.j.stat.oper.res.

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The ability to make use of accurately documented, local and specific, reference ranges is an important part of clinical work. The most readily available, often the only, routinely collected data is that obtained from hospital admissions. A mixture distribution approach is employed to arrive at reference range appropriate to particular groups of patients. A classification rule is used to provide a spectrum of such ranges that allows for the lack of complete separation of the components of the mixture, a common feature when such models are fitted to data. The results of analyses are given for a range of biochemical parameters; in some examples, these are shown separately for males and females, and for those taking, and not taking, a diuretic drug -the most commonly occurring drug-group in the elderly.

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Metabolism, Temperature, and Ventilation

Mortola

Maskrey

2011

Comprehensive Physiology

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In mammals and birds, all oxygen used (VO2) must pass through the lungs; hence, some degree of coupling between VO2 and pulmonary ventilation (VE) is highly predictable. Nevertheless, VE is also involved with CO2 elimination, a task that is often in conflict with the convection of O2. In hot or cold conditions, the relationship between VE and VO2 includes the participation of the respiratory apparatus to the control of body temperature and water balance. Some compromise among these tasks is achieved through changes in breathing pattern, uncoupling changes in alveolar ventilation from VE. This article examines primarily the relationship between VE and VO2 under thermal stimuli. In the process, it considers how the relationship is influenced by hypoxia, hypercapnia or changes in metabolic level. The shuffling of tasks in emergency situations illustrates that the constraints on VE-VO2 for the protection of blood gases have ample room for flexibility. However, when other priorities do not interfere with the primary goal of gas exchange, VE follows metabolic rate quite closely. The fact that arterial CO2 remains stable when metabolism is changed by the most diverse circumstances (moderate exercise, cold, cold and exercise combined, variations in body size, caloric intake, age, time of the day, hormones, drugs, etc.) makes it unlikely that VE and metabolism are controlled in parallel by the condition responsible for the metabolic change. Rather, some observations support the view that the gaseous component of metabolic rate, probably CO2, may provide the link between the metabolic level and VE.

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The effect of age, sex and other factors on blood chemistry in health

Cited by 88 publications

References 39 publications

Indirect Estimation of Clinical Chemical Reference Intervals from Total Hospital Patient Data: Application of a Modified Bhattacharya Procedure

Indirect Estimation of Clinical Chemical Reference Intervals from Total Hospital Patient Data: Application of a Modified Bhattacharya Procedure

Mixture Distributions and the Construction of Reference Ranges for Biochemical parameters

Metabolism, Temperature, and Ventilation

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