The effect of annealing conditions: temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on nanocrystal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell properties

Abstract

The eect of annealing conditions : temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on nanocrystal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin lm solar cell properties.', Materials today : proceedings., 18 (2). pp. 473-486.

Structure of Ag-Containing Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films, Obtained by Spray Pyrolysis

“…The other peaks found at 2θ ≈ 18.3°, 23.2°, 33.1°, 37°, 37.9°, 44.95°, 51.05°, 58.85°, 69.1°, 78.7° are associated with the (101), ( 110 The highest-intensity peak at 2θ ≈ 28.55° can correspond to the (112) plane of the tetragonal structure of kesterite CZTS, as well as the tetragonal structure of Cu 2 SnS 3 , cubic or hexagonal structure of ZnS, CuS, and Sn 2 S 3 . The peak at 2θ ≈ 47.45° can belong to the (220) CZTS plane and to the Cu 2 SnS 3 tetragonal structure or cubic structure of ZnS [23][24][25][26]. Since most of the lines belong to the tetragonal kesterite structure CZTS, it can be concluded that the films crystallize in this structure.…”

Solution-Processed Black-Si/Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystal Heterojunctions for Self-Powered Broadband Photodetectors and Photovoltaic Devices

“…The annealing process plays an important role in CZTS NCs to achieve high-efficiency devices. A high-temperature postdeposition annealing process leads to the recrystallization due to the migration of atoms in the crystal lattice resulting in the reduced density of defects/dislocations, 31 while the surface recrystallization takes place during the cooling cycle. 25 In order to improve the crystalline quality and stoichiometry of CZTS NCs, the as-synthesized NCs were subjected to a sulfurization annealing at a temperature varying from 300 to 550 °C.…”

Variability of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticle hot injection synthesis and modifications by thin film annealing

“…The procedure we used has been described in detail previously. 17 Our synthesis temperature, when sulphur is injected, was 225 1C.…”