“…Using experience gained from recently mapped epitopes through our novel evolutionary RNA phage display system, we are now extending this technology to targeting ligands, materials recognizing peptides, or biological structures [ 8 ]. Evolutionary RNA phage display is a powerful emergent nanotechnology for screening [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], evolving, and sensing peptide libraries [ 8 ] against a broad range of desired specific targets including biotin, gold, and other useful nanoparticles. Affinity targets can promote detection, sensing, and purification of recombinant proteins from complex mixtures [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”