The effect of auxin type and cytokinin concentration on callus induction and plant regeneration frequency from immature inflorescence segments of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz)

Abstract

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a salt tolerant, fine textured turfgrass used on golf courses in coastal, tropical, and subtropical regions. A callus induction and plant regeneration protocol for this commercially important turfgrass species has been developed. Induction of highly regenerable callus with approximately 400 shoots per cultured immature inflorescence (1 cm in length) was achieved by culturing 0.2 cm segments on media with 3 mg l −1 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) and 0.1 or 1.0 mg l −1 benzylaminopurine (BA). A multifactorial experiment demonstrated the combination of 3 mg l −1 dicamba and 1.0 mg l −1 BA for induction of callus resulted in 12 times higher plant regeneration frequency compared to 3 mg l −1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or ten times higher plant regeneration frequency than the combination of 3 mg l −1 2,4-D and 1.0 mg l −1 BA. These results are expected to support the development of a genetic transformation protocol for seashore paspalum.

Plant regeneration from immature inflorescence derived callus cultures of salt tolerant kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca L.)

“…A combination of 2, 4-D and BA was used in zoysia grass for the generation of callus with regeneration potential (Murugesan et al 2008). It was reported in seashore paspalum, that the use of dicamba significantly increased the plant regeneration frequency from immature inflorescence derived callus (Neibaur et al 2008). The use of dicamba was also identified as the most important factor in optimizing the tissue culture and stable genetic transformation response in barley (Castillo et al 1998;Trifonova et al 2001).…”

“…Further, induction of embryogenic callus and subsequent of plant regeneration from young shoot meristems (Sairam et al 2002;Dalton et al 2003;Murugesan et al 2008) immature embryos (Christiansen et al 2005) and pistils (Gugsa et al 2006) has also been demonstrated. Immature inflorescences have been recognized as an important explants source for regeneration in many cereals and grasses (Neibaur et al 2008;Murugesan et al 2008;Yadav et al 2009). The present work is envisaged aiming at transferring salt tolerant trait from kallar grass to rice through somatic hybridization.…”

Improved embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), a potential bioenergy feedstock

“…It has been reported that BA in combination with auxins such as 2,4-D has a positive effect on callus induction in grasses (Altpeter and Posselt, 2000;Chaudhury and Qu, 2000;Bai and Qu, 2001). However, BA in combination with 2,4-D did not have a positive effect on callus induction in seashore paspalum turfgrass (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) (Neibaur et al, 2008). The BA requirement may be species-specific (Chaudhury and Qu, 2000) and depends on the specific endogenous hormone levels (Bhaskaran and Smith, 1990).…”

Synergistic effects of BAP and kinetin media additives on regeneration of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash)

“…Although vetiver callus induction usually prefers a high ratio of auxin to cytokinin, an optimal combination of auxin and cytokinin is still needed to be determined for each kind of explant. Supplementing auxin in CIM is essential for inducing division and development of callus cells into embryogenic cells, especially for monocotyledon plants (Mendoza and Kaeppler, 2002;Shah et al, 2003;Can et al, 2008;Neibaur et al, 2008). However, a high concentration of auxin in a medium may prevent cell differentiation (Gray, 1996).…”