The effect of BCG-vaccination on vaccinia virus infections in mice

Werner, G. T.

doi:10.1007/bf01962818

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The first is that heterologous immunity can be demonstrated between mycobacteria and viruses. Earlier reports had indicated that BCG or M. tuberculosis infection provided resistance in mice to VV or ectromelia virus, but in those studies the virus challenge was early after immunization, when immune responses to the mycobacteria were likely ongoing (3,16,40,44,56). In this present report, mice were treated with antibiotics to clear residual mycobacteria to minimum levels, the immune system appeared at rest (Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…This indicates that these BCG-immune hosts were in a resting immune state without an overt ongoing immune response. This distinguishes this study from previous reports on resistance of BCG-infected or M. tuberculosis-infected hosts to heterologous pathogens at 7 to 21 days after exposure to the mycobacteria (3,40,44,56).…”

Section: Status Of the Bcg-induced Resting Memory Statementioning

confidence: 62%

“…tibility to LCMV but had dramatic 10-to 100-fold reductions in titers to VV. Mycobacteria-induced resistance to VV has been reported before, but those studies examined VV infection during ongoing immune responses early after immunization and most likely before the mycobacteria were cleared (3,56). Under those conditions there would be high levels of macrophage activation and cytokine production at the time of challenge.…”

Section: Susceptibility Of Bcg-immune Mice To Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccination against M. tuberculosis uses a closely related but less virulent strain of Mycobacterium bovis, referred to as bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (33). Several early reports indicated that a recent exposure of mice to BCG or to M. tuberculosis rendered them more resistant to infection to a variety of bacteria and to ectromelia virus (16,40,44), the mouse form of smallpox, and to VV (3,56), which is used for vaccination of humans against smallpox. An unspecified IFN was suggested to be involved in the protection against ectromelia virus (40,44).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Heterologous Immunity between Mycobacteria and Poxviruses

Mathurin¹,

Martens

Kornfeld

et al. 2009

J Virol

112

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The bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) strain of Mycobacterium bovis is used in many parts of the world as a vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some epidemiological evidence has suggested that BCG immunization may have unpredicted effects on resistance to other pathogens. We show here in a mouse model that BCG immunization followed by antibiotic treatment to clear the host of the pathogen rendered three strains of mice partially resistant to infection with vaccinia virus (VV) but not to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). VV-challenged BCG-immune mice developed a striking splenomegaly and elevated CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses by 6 days postinfection (p.i.). However, resistance to VV infection could be seen as early as 1 to 2 days p.i. and was lost after antibody depletion of CD4 T-cell populations. BCG-but not LCMV-immune memory phenotype CD4 T cells preferentially produced gamma interferon (IFN-␥) in vivo after VV challenge. In contrast, LCMV-immune CD8 T cells preferentially produced IFN-␥ in vivo in response to VV infection. In BCG-immune mice the resistance to VV infection and VV-induced CD4 T-cell IFN-␥ production were ablated by cyclosporine A, which inhibits signaling through the T-cell receptor. This study therefore demonstrates CD4 T-cell-mediated heterologous immunity between a bacterium and virus. Further, it poses the question of whether BCG immunization of humans alters resistance to unrelated pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Status Of the Bcg-induced Resting Memory Statementioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Susceptibility Of Bcg-immune Mice To Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Heterologous Immunity between Mycobacteria and Poxviruses

Mathurin¹,

Martens

Kornfeld

et al. 2009

J Virol

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While the mechanisms underlying these apparent heterologous beneficial effects of BCG remain unclear, the findings are certainly biologically plausible. BCG infection of mice significantly increases resistance to subsequent infection with Listeria and poxvirus . Vaccination of human neonates with BCG has been shown to alter the quality and amplitude of immune responses to heterologous vaccines .…”

Section: Potential Paths Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis vaccines: barriers and prospects on the quest for a transformative tool

Karp

Wilson

Stuart

2015

Immunological Reviews

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The road to a more efficacious vaccine that could be a truly transformative tool for decreasing tuberculosis morbidity and mortality, along with Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, is quite daunting. Despite this, there are reasons for optimism. Abetted by better conceptual clarity, clear acknowledgment of the degree of our current immunobiological ignorance, the availability of powerful new tools for dissecting the immunopathogenesis of human tuberculosis, the generation of more creative diversity in tuberculosis vaccine concepts, the development of better fit-for-purpose animal models, and the potential of more pragmatic approaches to the clinical testing of vaccine candidates, the field has promise for delivering novel tools for dealing with this worldwide scourge of poverty.

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Role of antibodies and effect of BCG vaccination in experimental candidiasis in mice

Maiti

Kumar

et al. 1985

Mycopathologia

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The role of humoral antibodies and the effect of BCG vaccination were studied in the experimental candidiasis in mice. The antibody suppressed, B-cell deficient animals were prepared by repeated administration of rabbit anti-mouse-mu-antiserum to the new born mice from birth onwards. Such immunodeficient animals along with controls were infected intravenously with Candida albicans, to study the course of candidal infection. It was observed that B-cell-deficient animals were found to be more susceptible to candidal infection than the controls, as indicated by their steady loss of body weight, longer mean time to death and higher viable counts of candidal cells in different organs. The anti-candidal antibodies were absent in all B-cell-deficient animals but present in the controls. These results suggest that antibodies make a contribution in protection against candidal infection in mice. The BCG vaccinated animals were prepared by repeated intravenous administration of BCG to mice and these vaccinated animals along with unvaccinated controls were challenged intravenously with C. albicans, to study the course of candidal infection. It was observed that BCG vaccination prolonged meantime to death and reduced the number of candidal cells in their kidneys.

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The effect of BCG-vaccination on vaccinia virus infections in mice

Abstract: Pretreatment with BCG yielded a high degree of protection against experimental vaccinia virus infections in mice. Corynebacterium parvum and Aristolochia acid were less protective; other immunostimulants were ineffective.

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Heterologous Immunity between Mycobacteria and Poxviruses

CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Heterologous Immunity between Mycobacteria and Poxviruses

Tuberculosis vaccines: barriers and prospects on the quest for a transformative tool

Role of antibodies and effect of BCG vaccination in experimental candidiasis in mice

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