The Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Dynamic Apnea and Intermittent Sprint Performance in Elite Female Water Polo Players

Jonvik, Kristin L.; Dijk, Jan-Willem van; Senden, Joan M.; Loon, Luc J. C. van; Verdijk, Lex B.

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0293

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The principal original findings of this study were that 3-days of BRJ juice supplementation, which increased plasma nitrite concentration and lowered systolic blood Compared to the PLA condition, plasma nitrite concentration was 289% higher in the BRJ condition. This result is consistent with numerous previous studies 16 , including the study by Jonvik et al 4,19 in elite female water polo athletes. Therefore, the BRJ intervention was successful at increasing the circulating reservoir for O2-independent NO generation by a magnitude that has previously been shown to enhance performance 4 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Moreover, swimming exercise provokes exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia 15 and since the ergogenic effect of NO3supplementation appears to be more pronounced in hypoxia compared to normoxia 16 , likely as a function of enhanced reduction of NO2to NO 17 , NO3supplementation might represent an effective ergogenic aid for swimmers. In addition, swimming is accompanied by periods of dynamic apnea [18][19][20] , with apnea duration linked to swimming performance 21 . Since there is some evidence that NO3supplementation might enhance dynamic apnea performance [18][19][20] , this might also contribute to a potential improvement in swimming performance following NO3supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, swimming is accompanied by periods of dynamic apnea [18][19][20] , with apnea duration linked to swimming performance 21 . Since there is some evidence that NO3supplementation might enhance dynamic apnea performance [18][19][20] , this might also contribute to a potential improvement in swimming performance following NO3supplementation. Accordingly, swimming might produce physiological conditions that enhance the potential for an ergogenic effect following NO3supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of an apparent synergy between the physiological demands of swimming and the conditions to optimize the effectiveness of NO3supplementation, the influence of NO3supplementation on physiological and performance responses during swimming exercise is unclear 19,22,23 . Indeed, 6 days of NO3supplementation has been reported to enhance the 'anaerobic threshold' and swimming economy in trained masters swimmers 23 for swimming performance as competitive standard and fitness status is increased, consistent with other exercise modalities 2,3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 100-m and 200-m Swimming Performance in Moderately Trained Swimmers

Esen¹,

Nicholas²,

Morris³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: Dietary nitrate supplementation has been reported to improve performance in kayaking and rowing exercise, which mandate significant recruitment of the upper-body musculature. Because the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on swimming performance is unclear, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on 100-m and 200-m swimming freestyle time-trial (TT) performance. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized crossover design, 10 moderately trained swimmers underwent 2 separate 3-d supplementation periods, with a daily dose of either 140 mL nitrate-rich (∼800 mg/d nitrate) or nitrate-depleted (PLA) beetroot juice (BRJ). After blood sampling on day 3, the swimmers performed both 200-m and 100-m freestyle swimming TTs, with 30 min recovery between trials. Results: Plasma nitrite concentration was greater after BRJ relative to PLA consumption (432 [203] nmol/L, 111 [56] nmol/L, respectively, P = .001). Systolic blood pressure was lowered after BRJ compared with PLA supplementation (114 [10], 120 [10] mm Hg, respectively P = .001), but time to complete the 200-m (BRJ 152.6 [14.1] s, PLA 152.5 [14.1] s) and 100-m (BRJ 69.5 [7.2] s, PLA 69.4 [7.4] s) freestyle swimming TTs was not different between BRJ and PLA (P > .05). Conclusions: Although 3 d of BRJ supplementation increased plasma nitrite concentration and lowered blood pressure, it did not improve 100-m and 200-m swimming TT performance. These results do not support an ergogenic effect of nitrate supplementation in moderately trained swimmers, at least for 100-m and 200-m freestyle swimming performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 100-m and 200-m Swimming Performance in Moderately Trained Swimmers

Esen¹,

Nicholas²,

Morris³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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“…Only two studies investigated the effect of short-term BRJ supplementation in relation to training in well-trained women. A study from Jonvik et al (2017) showed that in elite female water polo-players, BRJ does not improve intermittent sprint performance . The other study showed no reduction in submaximal exercise VO 2 or TT performance after short term BRJ consumption .…”

Section: Well-trained Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review

Zamani

Joode

Hossein

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Beetroot juice (BRJ) has become increasingly popular amongst athletes aiming to improve sport performances. BRJ contains high concentrations of nitrate, which can be converted into nitric oxide (NO) after consumption. NO has various functions in the human body, including a vasodilatory effect, which reduces blood pressure and increases oxygen-and nutrient delivery to various organs. These effects indicate that BRJ may have relevant applications in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the consumption of BRJ also has an impact on oxygen delivery to skeletal muscles, muscle efficiency, tolerance and endurance and may thus have a positive impact on sports performances. Aside from the beneficial aspects of BRJ consumption, there may also be potential health risks. Drinking BRJ may easily increase nitrate intake above the acceptable daily intake, which is known to stimulate the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC's), a class of compounds that is known to be carcinogenic and that may also induce several other adverse effects. Compared to studies on the beneficial effects, the amount of data and literature on the negative effects of BRJ is rather limited, and should be increased in order to perform a balanced risk assessment.

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Beetroot as a functional food with huge health benefits: Antioxidant, antitumor, physical function, and chronic metabolomics activity

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Nowadays, a large number of consumers have a strong preference for the "functional foods" for the improvement of their eating diet and maintenance of their health (Jeffery, 2005;Shashirekha et al., 2015).Accordingly, fruits and vegetables are important parts of the healthy diet with the capacity of preventing several diseases (Jeffery, 2005;Shashirekha et al., 2015). In recent years, the beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has become popular as a potential "functional food" within this context (Frank et al., 2005). In spite of the fact that the beetroot has long been used as a traditional cuisines in Europe, the understanding of the applied value is very limited. Today, with the development of preclinical trials, consumers have increased knowledge about the biological activity of beetroot. The beetroot is now widely cultivated to meet the increase in demand (Maity et al., 2016). In addition to being known as fresh vegetables, or as food additives in cattle products, beverages, candies, and dairy products (Georgiev et al., 2010;Vieira Teixeira da Silva et al., 2019), beetroot has also been found to possess the potential of treating and preventing multiple diseases. According to the database displays in the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, beetroot is not only rich in proteins (1.68 g), carbohydrates (9.96 g), fat (0.18 g), amino acids (1.216 g), fatty acids (0.119 g), phytosterols (0.025 g), minerals (0.483 g), and fibers (2 g) per 100 g of wet weight, but also contains

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The Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Dynamic Apnea and Intermittent Sprint Performance in Elite Female Water Polo Players

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

No Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 100-m and 200-m Swimming Performance in Moderately Trained Swimmers

No Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 100-m and 200-m Swimming Performance in Moderately Trained Swimmers

The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review

Beetroot as a functional food with huge health benefits: Antioxidant, antitumor, physical function, and chronic metabolomics activity

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