The Effect of Berry‐Based Food Interventions on Markers of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Heneghan, Clara; Kiely, Máiréad; Lyons, Jacqueline; Lucey, Alice

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201700645

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the effects observed in medium-long term interventions, no clear favourable effects of berry products on vascular reactivity markers have been found, in line with the systematic review of Heneghan and coworkers 50 that showed an effect only in 3 out of 7 studies. The discrepancy between short and long-term studies in terms of vascular reactivity (RHI and FMD) is intriguing and may be attributed to the complexity of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the vascular system function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Role of berries in vascular function: a systematic review of human intervention studies

et al. 2019

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Context Berries are a source of polyphenols with recognized health-promoting activities. Several studies suggest that consumption of berries may improve vascular function. Objective The aim of this systematic review is to provide evidence of short- and long-term benefits of berries on outcomes of vascular function. Data Sources Human intervention studies were collected from PubMed and Scopus databases. Study Selection Studies were eligible if they investigated the effects of acute or chronic berry consumption on one or more markers of vascular function in humans and provided a characterization of the berry polyphenolic content. Only randomized controlled trials were included, and studies were excluded if berries were combined with other foods. Data Extraction After selection, 22 randomized controlled trials were included and analyzed, most of which were performed in healthy individuals or patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Results The overall results seem to suggest a protective role of berries in vascular function, likely dependent on the time of exposure, the type and dose of berry, and the biomarkers analyzed. Flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia index (markers of vascular reactivity) improved following short-term interventions, while pulse wave velocity and augmentation index (markers of arterial stiffness) improved only after medium- to long-term intervention. Conclusions Current evidence suggests that berries, at physiological relevant doses, may have a role in the modulation of vascular function and stiffness. High-quality human intervention trials are encouraged in order to strengthen these findings and to better elucidate the mechanisms involved in such modulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Role of berries in vascular function: a systematic review of human intervention studies

et al. 2019

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“…However, the incompleteness of data to estimate the daily anthocyanin intake from berries (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) along with the varying intervention approaches in the included anthocyanin-rich berry studies made it arbitrary, at least now, to draw a conclusion about the difference between anthocyanin-rich berries and purified anthocyanins. Moreover, in addition to anthocyanins, berries also contain abundant soluble fibers, manganese, vitamins C and K, and other polyphenols (47,48). Administration of berry fruits could enhance glycemic control, urinary tract health, and cognitive function beyond their cardioprotective effects (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanins, Anthocyanin-Rich Berries, and Cardiovascular Risks: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 44 Randomized Controlled Trials and 15 Prospective Cohort Studies

Tian

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Objective: The associations between intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries and cardiovascular risks remained to be established. We aimed to quantitatively summarize the effects of purified anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries on major surrogate markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the longitudinal associations between dietary anthocyanins and CVD events.Methods: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies.Results: We included 44 eligible RCTs and 15 prospective cohort studies in this study. Pooled analysis of RCTs showed that purified anthocyanin supplementation could significantly reduce blood LDL cholesterol (weighted mean difference (WMD): −5.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: −8.96, −1.90 mg/dL; p = 0.003) and triglyceride (WMD: −6.18 mg/dL, 95% CI: −11.67, −0.69 mg/dL; p = 0.027) while increase HDL cholesterol (WMD: 11.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: 7.43, 15.55 mg/dL; p < 0.001) concentrations. Purified anthocyanins also markedly decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (WMD: −1.62 pg/mL, 95% CI: −2.76, −0.48 pg/mL; p = 0.005) and C-reactive protein (WMD: −0.028 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.050, −0.005 mg/dL; p = 0.014). Besides, administration of anthocyanin-rich berries could significantly lower blood total cholesterol (WMD: −4.48 mg/dL, 95% CI: −8.94, −0.02 mg/dL; p = 0.049) and C-reactive protein (WMD: −0.046 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.070, −0.022 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Neither purified anthocyanins nor anthocyanin-rich berries could cause any substantial improvements in BMI, blood pressure, or flow-mediated dilation. In addition, meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies suggested that high dietary anthocyanins were related to lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (relative risk (RR): 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; p = 0.009), total CVD incidence (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.97; p = 0.030), and total CVD deaths (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Habitual intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries could protect against CVDs possibly via improving blood lipid profiles and decreasing circulating proinflammatory cytokines.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020208782.

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“…Although conclusions from studies on anthocyanins are mixed, in general it appears that anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich foods improve IR. In a systematic review of 19 randomised controlled trials, anthocyanin supplementation improved HOMA-IR [ 78 ], and three out of six studies showed a positive effect on glycaemic profile with consumption of berries [ 79 ]. Consumption of blueberry extracts, rich in anthocyanins and other (poly)phenols, improved HOMA-IR in patients with t2D but not in insulin resistant adults, and blueberry consumption improved IR in obese and insulin-resistant adults in one study but not in two other studies (summarised in [ 80 ]).…”

Section: Dietary (Poly)phenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Polyphenols on Insulin Resistance

Williamson¹,

Sheedy²

2020

Nutrients

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Insulin resistance (IR) is apparent when tissues responsible for clearing glucose from the blood, such as adipose and muscle, do not respond properly to appropriate signals. IR is estimated based on fasting blood glucose and insulin, but some measures also incorporate an oral glucose challenge. Certain (poly)phenols, as supplements or in foods, can improve insulin resistance by several mechanisms including lowering postprandial glucose, modulating glucose transport, affecting insulin signalling pathways, and by protecting against damage to insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. As shown by intervention studies on volunteers, the most promising candidates for improving insulin resistance are (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epicatechin-containing foods and anthocyanins. It is possible that quercetin and phenolic acids may also be active, but data from intervention studies are mixed. Longer term and especially dose-response studies on mildly insulin resistant participants are required to establish the extent to which (poly)phenols and (poly)phenol-rich foods may improve insulin resistance in compromised groups.

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The Effect of Berry‐Based Food Interventions on Markers of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 23 publications

References 65 publications

Role of berries in vascular function: a systematic review of human intervention studies

Role of berries in vascular function: a systematic review of human intervention studies

Anthocyanins, Anthocyanin-Rich Berries, and Cardiovascular Risks: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 44 Randomized Controlled Trials and 15 Prospective Cohort Studies

Effects of Polyphenols on Insulin Resistance

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