The effect of biofloc and clear water at low and high salinity concentration on growth performance and antioxidant response of wild juveniles of Atlantic white shrimp Penaeus setiferus

Abstract

The effect of biofloc (BFT) and clear water (CW) at low (ls) and high-water salinity (hs) in wild juveniles of Penaeus setiferus were evaluated. Four treatments were implemented: hsBFT, lsBFT, hsCW, and lsCW. After 45 days, final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and survival rate (SR) were evaluated. Antioxidant activity in muscle and hepatopancreas were measured: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein oxidation (PO). The FW and SR was low for lsCW (P < 0.05), whereas the WG and HSI was high in hsBFT and lsBFT (P < 0.05). The integrative biomarker response index (IBR) showed differences between muscle (M) and hepatopancreas (HP). Results showed an increase of SOD and CAT measured from HP for lsBFT treatment. For M, CAT and GST were high only in BFT (regardless of the water salinity). LPO determined from M and HP recorded the high values at hs and ls, respectively. The PO determined in HP showed substantial damage in BFT (regardless of the salinity), whereas the same determination from M was only important for lsCW treatment. When the analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed, SOD, LPO, and PO were significant in response to salinity (P < 0.05). In contrast, for CAT, the higher activity was due to the rearing system and salinity interaction (P < 0.05). Results suggest that BFT could diminish the stress by stimulating the antioxidant system to maintain the redox balance through a higher enzyme activity and decrease damage in the proteins and lipids of the cells.

Sperm quality and nutritional condition related to management during prematuration ofLitopenaeus setiferus(F0) males

“…Settable solids values were 23.8 and 18.8 ml/L in the BC and BF treatments, values quite higher than the maximum recommended by (Emerenciano et al, 2017). In comparison with Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Aguilera‐Rivera, et al (2021) and Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021), our amount of settable solids was three times fold than obtained in their experiment, and it did not seem to have affected parameters below mentioned.…”

“…Oxygen concentration was maintained above 4 mg/L in all treatments, and pH values were close to 8, these values are considered correct for the development of shrimp culture in biofloc (Emerenciano et al, 2017). In a recent growth trial with L. setiferus F 0 generation, Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Aguilera‐Rivera, et al (2021) and Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021) presented higher oxygen concentrations, probably due to the tanks were outdoor where the sunlight improves primary production. Ammonia and nitrite concentration remained low during the trial, never reaching the security concentration of 1 mg/L stablished by Emerenciano et al (2017).…”

“…Ammonia and nitrite concentration remained low during the trial, never reaching the security concentration of 1 mg/L stablished by Emerenciano et al (2017). Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Aguilera‐Rivera, et al (2021) and Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021) registered much higher nitrite concentrations even in low salinity water, where nitrites become more toxic due to absence of chlorine ions (Furtado et al, 2016). Resistance of shrimp to environmental factors is related to ontogenetic stages, that is why postlarvae can cope with radical changes in water composition (Chong‐Robles et al, 2014; Martînez et al, 1998).…”

“…Biofloc has been described as a sustainable culture system that provides shrimp with probiotic media with native protein, leading to an enhancement of the nutritional and immunological status of shrimp and ultimately resulting in optimal reproductive performance (Aguilera‐Rivera, Escalante‐Herrera, et al, 2019; Aguilera‐Rivera, Prieto‐Davó, et al, 2019; Emerenciano et al, 2017; Mugwanya et al, 2021). Recent studies developed by Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Aguilera‐Rivera, et al (2021) and Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021) have demonstrated the adaptability of both wild and F 0 generation L. setiferus to the biofloc system. These authors obtained an improved growth rate and a better antioxidant status when shrimp were cultured in biofloc at 35 psu.…”

Potential of innovative marine aquaculture techniques to close nutrient cycles

“…34 Even zero water exchange approaches are considered. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] The operational design of the system is simple. The nitrogenous waste from aquaculture is metabolized by heterotrophic bacteria, which,…”