The effect of biofouling on localized corrosion of the stainless steels N08904 and UNS S32760

Messano, Luciana Vicente Resende de; Sathler, L.; Reznik, Leila Yone; Coutinho, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.04.006

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The grain boundary etched SS316L displayed hydrophobicity and microscale structure, which can prevent bio-fouling, thereby further reducing the probability of localized corrosion initiation in a maritime environment. [21][22][23]26,31,32 Preliminary investigations have indeed shown that the surface topography on SS316L achieved by potentiostatic polarization can significantly reduce the adhesion of bacteria compared to the surfaces of as-received and electro-polished SS316L. An in-depth study of the correlation between SS316L surface topography and biofouling is currently underway, but discussion of these results is outside the scope of the current paper.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Hydrophobicity and Improved Localized Corrosion Resistance of Grain Boundary Etched Stainless Steel in Chloride-Containing Environment

Choi¹,

Oh²,

Singh³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Localized corrosion of stainless steels by chloride ions in seawater leads to metal degradation while fouling of marine organisms increases the occurrence of localized corrosion. We describe a simple method to increase hydrophobicity of austenitic stainless steel using grain boundary etching that can also inhibit adhesion of bio-organisms present in seawater as well as increase the localized corrosion resistance of stainless steel in chloride-containing aqueous environments. This paper describes the corrosion behavior of stainless steel as a result of grain boundary etching to achieve hydrophobicity. Potentiostatic polarization on stainless steel 316L in a nitric acid solution at an anodic potential of 1.3 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) results in a grain boundary etched structure and a Cr-and Mo-rich passive film as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This modified stainless steel 316L surface exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance to a 0.6 M sodium chloride solution. Specifically, potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate that the breakdown potential increases and the sample-to-sample variability decreases. Due to the ubiquitous use of metals in infrastructure, production and manufacturing, transportation, and utilities, corrosion results in compromised safety and recurring repair costs.1 One of the most commonly employed approaches to control corrosion is the use of corrosion resistant alloys.1 Stainless steels (SSs), which are defined as steel alloys containing at least 10.5% chromium content by mass, are the most frequently used materials in aqueous environments because of their enhanced corrosion resistance relative to carbon steels. 2Chromium participates in the formation of a stable passive film on SSs that protects the bulk metal against corrosion.3 However, SSs still suffer from localized corrosion when exposed to chloride-containing aqueous environments, including seawater 4,5 and bleach plants associated with pulp and paper industries. Strategies to improve the localized corrosion resistance of SSs include enrichment of Cr and Mo at the SS surfaces and removal of surface inhomogeneities.7 These SS surface treatments include mechanical polishing, 8,9 passivation, 7,9-11 and electro-polishing. 8,[12][13][14] Mechanical polishing results in Cr-rich SS surfaces. 9 Surface passivation of SS using a nitric acid solution removes surface inhomogeneities and enhances the formation of a Cr-rich passive film. Electro-polishing is a technique to control the surface finish of a metal by anodic electrochemical dissolution to yield a smooth metal surface. Electro-polishing removes surface inhomogeneities from the SS surface and simultaneously forms Cr-and Mo-rich passive films. Electropolished SS surfaces show higher localized corrosion resistance than mechanically polished and passivated SS surfaces.14 Chromium oxide/hydroxide (Cr 2 O 3 /Cr(OH) 3 ) in the passive film hinders movement of cations into the electrolyte and thereby delays local breakdown of the ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Hydrophobicity and Improved Localized Corrosion Resistance of Grain Boundary Etched Stainless Steel in Chloride-Containing Environment

Choi¹,

Oh²,

Singh³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The total number of 60 matrices with 6000 points on the upper side and 6000 on the lower side of the panels represented the local fouling community with their main functional groups (see at the same area Ferreira et al 2001, Guimaraens et al 2005, Ank et al 2009, De Messano et al 2009) and the successional processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discrete functional or taxonomic groups were defined based on Steneck and Dethier (1994) and De Messano et al (2009): biofilm 1, biofilm 2, articulate calcareous algae, encrusting algae, macrophyta corticate, filamentous algae, sponge, Hydrozoa, Cirripedia and encrusting bryozoans (Table 1). Biofilms 1 and 2 were differentiated through the identification of the main biofilm-forming organisms (Table 1).…”

Section: Fouling Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical successional tools of fouling communities submitted to different light effects

2016

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Abstract:The present study uses transition matrices to compare successional processes (colonization, disturbance, persistence and replacement) of fouling communities submitted to different light effects on Cabo Frio Island, a seasonal upwelling region. Twelve functional groups were identified, and differences in the transition probabilities shown by the matrices suggest a preference for the replacement property of functional groups, which indicates the facilitation successional mechanism. The probability of colonization of these groups differed according to the direction of the substrate, which caused a negative effect of light reduction on algae with a greater probability of disturbance (sensu species replacement), which is typical of a more stressful environment. Species of the same functional group replace each other through competition and herbivory, which promotes the distinction between earlier and later groups on the successional process. Successional trajectories evaluated through global transition matrices change at each time step because they depend on the species turnover rate, and therefore, they are informative of the changing processes of the community. The probabilistic rate of changes related to successional processes may be used to evaluate future conditions of fouling communities, and the deterministic components and stochastic elements will render these communities self-organizable.

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“…Microbial films develop in the third stage, creating rough surfaces that trap more particles and organisms including larval forms of macroorganisms such as barnacles. In the fourth and final stage, overgrowth of macroorganisms, such as barnacles, occur on the fouled surface (Chambers et al, 2006;de Messano et al, 2009).…”

Section: Biofouling Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of uranium from seawater : design and testing of a symbiotic system

Haji¹

2017

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Seawater is estimated to contain 4.5 billion tonnes of uranium, approximately 1000 times that available in conventional terrestrial resources. Finding a sustainable way to harvest uranium from seawater will provide a source of nuclear fuel for generations to come, while also giving all countries with ocean access a stable supply. This will also eliminate the need to store spent fuel for potential future reprocessing, thereby addressing nuclear proliferation issues as well. While extraction of uranium from seawater has been researched for decades, no economical, robust, ocean-deployable method of uranium collection has been presented to date. This thesis presents a symbiotic approach to ocean harvesting of uranium where a common structure supports a wind turbine and a device to harvest uranium from seawater. The Symbiotic Machine for Ocean uRanium Extraction (SMORE) created and tested decouples the function of absorbing uranium from the function of deploying the absorbent which enables a more efficient absorbent to be developed by chemists.The initial SMORE concept involves an adsorbent device that is cycled through the seawater beneath the turbine and through an elution plant located on a platform above the sea surface. This design allows for more frequent harvesting, reduced downtime, and a reduction in the recovery costs of the adsorbent. Specifically, the design decouples the mechanical and chemical requirements of the device through a hard, permeable outer shell containing uranium adsorbing fibers. This system is designed to be used with the 5-MW NREL OC3-Hywind floating spar wind turbine.To optimize the decoupling of the chemical and mechanical requirements using the shell enclosures for the uranium adsorbing fibers, an initial design analysis of the enclosures is presented. Moreover, a flume experiment using filtered, temperaturecontrolled seawater was developed to determine the effect that the shells have on the uptake of the uranium by the fibers they enclose. For this experiment, the AI8 amidoxime-based adsorbent fiber developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory was used, which is a hollow-gear-shaped, high surface area polyethylene fiber prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization of the amidoxime ligand and a vinylphosphonic acid comonomer.The results of the flume experiment were then used to inform the design and fabrication of two 1/10th physical scale SMORE prototypes for ocean testing. The 3 AI8 adsorbent fibers were tested in two shell designs on both a stationary and a moving system during a nine-week ocean trial, with the latter allowing the effect of additional water flow on the adsorbents uranium uptake to be investigated. A novel method using the measurement of radium extracted onto MnO 2 impregnated acrylic fibers to quantify the volume of water passing through the shells of the two systems was utilized.The effect of a full-scale uranium harvesting system on the hydrodynamics of an offshore wind turbine were then investigated using a 1/150th Froude scale wave tank test. These ...

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The effect of biofouling on localized corrosion of the stainless steels N08904 and UNS S32760

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Hydrophobicity and Improved Localized Corrosion Resistance of Grain Boundary Etched Stainless Steel in Chloride-Containing Environment

Hydrophobicity and Improved Localized Corrosion Resistance of Grain Boundary Etched Stainless Steel in Chloride-Containing Environment

Analytical successional tools of fouling communities submitted to different light effects

Extraction of uranium from seawater : design and testing of a symbiotic system

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