The effect of blinks and saccadic eye movements on visual reaction times

Johns, Murray W.; Crowley, Kate; Chapman, Robert J.; Tucker, Andrew; Hocking, Christopher

doi:10.3758/app.71.4.783

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although our experience of the visual world appears seamless and cinematic, in fact there are frequent breaks in visual input. The average person blinks around 15 times per minute, and for each blink visual input is blocked for around 200-250ms (Johns et al, 2009). Similarly, visual input is suppressed whenever we make a saccadic eye movement (Johns et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial localization of prediction-error signals in the visual brain

Johnston

Robinson

Kokkinakis

et al. 2016

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been suggested that the brain pre-empts changes in the visual environment through generating predictions, although real-time eletrophysiological evidence of prediction violations remains elusive. In a series of experiments we showed participants sequences of images that followed a predictable implied sequence or whose final image violated the implied sequence. Through careful design we were able to use the same final image transitions across predictable and unpredictable conditions, ensuring that any differences in neural responses were due only to preceding context and not to the images themselves. EEG and MEG recordings showed that early/mid-latency visual evoked potentials were robustly modulated by images that violated the implied sequence across a range of types of image change (expression deformations, rigid-rotations and visual field location). This modulation occurred irrespective of stimulus object category. Although the stimuli were static images, MEG source reconstruction of the early latency signal (N/M170) localised expectancy violation signals to brain areas associated with motion perception. Our findings suggest that the N/M170 can index mismatches between predicted and actual visual inputs in a system that predicts trajectories based on ongoing context. This has important implications for understanding the N/M170 and investigating how the brain represents context to generate perceptual predictions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial localization of prediction-error signals in the visual brain

Johnston

Robinson

Kokkinakis

et al. 2016

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Few studies have specifically investigated behavioral performance immediately after saccades, however, available data suggest that performance is improved at that time (e.g. ocular following [21,43], reaction times [44] ). We refer to these behavioral phenomena as saccadic enhancement.…”

Section: Saccadic Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual perception and saccadic eye movements

Ibbotson

Krekelberg

2011

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

155

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We use saccades several times per second to move the fovea between points of interest and build an understanding of our visual environment. Recent behavioral experiments show evidence for the integration of pre- and postsaccadic information (even subliminally), the modulation of visual sensitivity, and the rapid reallocation of attention. The recent physiological literature has identified a characteristic modulation of neural responsiveness - perisaccadic reduction followed by a postsaccadic increase that is found in many visual areas, but whose source is as yet unknown. This modulation seems optimal for reducing sensitivity during and boosting sensitivity between saccades, but no study has yet established a direct causal link between neural and behavioral changes.

show abstract

“…Despite this suppression, evidence suggests meaningful visual information is gathered during saccadic eye movements (Ibbotson and Krekelberg 2011) and that this information inXuences perceptual judgments and can even lead to improved reaction times (Deubel 2008;Johns et al 2009; referred to as saccadic enhancement). As perisaccadic visual input is both available and retrievable, information gathered during saccadic eye movements has the potential to inXuence line bisection judgments (Demeyer et al 2010;Ibbotson and Krekelberg 2011), although a greater inXuence might still be placed on information gained from Wxations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Central fixations with rightward deviations: saccadic eye movements on the landmark task

Loetscher

Nicholls

2012

Exp Brain Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurologically normal individuals show an attentional bias toward the left side, which results from right hemisphere activation during visuospatial tasks. The strength of this bias is influenced by various factors, such as line length, vertical elevation and presentation time. What remains unknown is how participants gather information via saccadic eye movements during task performance and how this relates to their responses. Eye movements were recorded while participants performed the landmark task. Fixations and saccades were both analysed to gain a complete understanding of eye movement patterns. Fixations tended to focus on the centre of the line, with few left-right differences. Saccades were examined by creating histograms illustrating all x-coordinates which were examined over the course of each trial. Interestingly, mean eye position varied with participant response, with an overall tendency to look to the right of centre. Results are consistent with prior research, which has primarily looked at fixations and demonstrates the necessity of examining saccades as well as fixations in order to see how eye movement patterns relate to pseudoneglect.

show abstract

The effect of blinks and saccadic eye movements on visual reaction times

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Temporal and spatial localization of prediction-error signals in the visual brain

Temporal and spatial localization of prediction-error signals in the visual brain

Visual perception and saccadic eye movements

Central fixations with rightward deviations: saccadic eye movements on the landmark task

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About