The Effect of Caffeine Ingestion and Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on High-Intensity Running Performance

Germaine, Mark; Collins, Kieran; Shortall, Marcus

doi:10.3390/sports7030063

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Second, we did not ask the participants to keep a food diary, and did not place any restriction on the diet, including caffeine consumption. We do not know whether the participants had a high-carbohydrate diet or habitual caffeine consumption [39], and thus the results of our study may have been affected. It is possible that standardizing the diets of the participants may have enhanced our ability to detect more effects of the TRE intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Single Ingestion of Trehalose during Prolonged Exercise

Wadazumi

Watanabe

et al. 2019

Sports

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Trehalose (TRE), a disaccharide, is absorbed slowly and gradually increases the blood glucose (GLU) level along with reducing insulin secretion. The aim of this study was twofold. First, we examined exercise performance following ingestions of either GLU, TRE, or water (WAT). The second purpose was to investigate the effects of TRE energy metabolism during prolonged exercise. We examined exercise performance using the Wingate test, with 30-min constant load exercise at 40% VO2peak after exercising for 60 min at 40% VO2peak, by using an electromagnetic brake-type bicycle ergometer (Part 1). The power values, blood glucose and lactate, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured. In addition, we investigated the energy metabolism after a single ingestion of TRE, by measuring the RER and estimating the lipid oxidation for 60 min at 40% VO2peak (Part 2). Healthy college male students performed three trials—(1) placebo (WAT), (2) GLU, and (3) TRE. Repeated two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for a comparison of the data among the three trial groups. A multiple comparison test was performed using post hoc Bonferroni correction. The TRE ingestion significantly increased the average and maximum power values (p < 0.01). The TRE ingestion showed significantly higher lipid utilization than the GLU lipid oxidation values the in TRE, 12.5 ± 6.1 g/h; GLU, 9.3 ± 4.7 g/h; and WAT, 15.0 ± 4.4 g/h; (p < 0.01). In conclusion, we provide novel data that a single TRE ingestion was effective in improving prolonged exercise performance by effective use of glucose and lipids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Single Ingestion of Trehalose during Prolonged Exercise

Wadazumi

Watanabe

et al. 2019

Sports

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“…Fares and Kayser (2011) demonstrated significant performance benefits for fasted and fed states; however, MR in the fasted state resulted in an 11.6% increase in endurance capacity in a nonathletic population compared with 3.5% measured in the fed condition, with respect to PLA. Thus, the beneﬁts of CHO‐MR may be more pronounced in a fasted state (Germaine, Collins, & Shortall, 2019); this situation is less practical, with lower ecological validity, than in a fed or postprandial state (Beelen et al, 2009). This tendency occurring in aerobic studies does not seem to be true for anaerobic performances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine combination mouth rinse on anaerobic performance of highly trained male athletes

Karuk

Nalçakan

Pekünlü

2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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The ergogenic effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) mouth rinse (MR) methods on anaerobic performance remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CHO, CAF, and CHO + CAF combination solutions in mouth on repeated vertical jumping (RVJ) performance in highly trained male athletes. Eight male athletes (mean age: 22 years) underwent test sessions four times with minimum 24-h intervals under fasting conditions. Participants rinsed their mouths with four different 25-ml solutions, namely, CHO (6.4% maltodextrin = 1.6 g), CAF (1.2% caffeine = 300 mg), placebo (PLA, saccharin), or CHO + CAF (6.4%+1.2%) combination, for 10 s and performed a 30-s RVJ test twice with a 5-min interval. Peak power output, vertical jump height, blood lactate level, fatigue index, and rate of perceived exertion of the RVJ tests for different intervention sessions were compared. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Analyses demonstrated that CHO-(Δ: 3.4), CAF-(Δ: −0.8), and CHO + CAF-MR (Δ: −1.8) interventions led to similar RVJ performance changes compared to PLA. All differences in the dependent variables were statistically insignificant and had moderate and lower effect sizes between interventions (p > 0.05, g < 0.94). Our study did not elicit sufficient evidence to recommend highly trained male athletes the use of CHO-and CAF-MR separately or in combination to enhance jump performance. However, the fact that some differences have medium to large effect sizes suggests that the issue is still worth to be a potential topic for further research. Highlights. Effects of CHO + CAF-MR on anaerobic performance in highly trained athletes have not been investigated using performance tasks requiring high technical skills. . There is not enough evidence to suggest that CHO, CAF and CHO + CAF-MR interventions have beneficial effects on RVJ performance compared to PLA in highly trained male athletes. . Some statistically insignificant differences have medium to large effect sizes. Therefore, the issue is still worth to be a potential topic for further research.

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“…An electroencephalography recording which has shown that while a CAF MR increases activity among the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a CHO MR only increases activity in the orbitofrontal cortex ( 47 ) suggests that there may be a summation effect of CAF and CHO. This postulation was debunked in a high-intensity running study whereby the summation effect of CHO + CAF MR did not significantly improve performance compared to CAF alone ( 52 ).…”

Section: Mouth Rinse Use In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menthol Mouth Rinsing Is More Than Just a Mouth Wash—Swilling of Menthol to Improve Physiological Performance

et al. 2021

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Interventions that solely act on the central nervous system (CNS) are gaining considerable interest, particularly products consumed through the oral cavity. The oropharyngeal cavity contains a wide array of receptors that respond to sweet, bitter, and cold tastants, all of which have been shown to improve physiological performance. Of late, the ergogenic benefits of carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) mouth rinsings (MRs) have been widely studied; however, less is known about menthol (MEN). That the physiological state and environmental conditions impact the response each product has is increasingly recognized. While the effects of CHO and CAF MRs have been thoroughly studied in both hot and thermoneutral conditions, less is known about MEN as it has only been studied in hot environments. As such, this review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the MEN MR and exercise modality, frequency of the mouth rinse, and mouth rinse duration and compares two different types of study designs: time trials vs. time to exhaustion (TTE).

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The Effect of Caffeine Ingestion and Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on High-Intensity Running Performance

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of a Single Ingestion of Trehalose during Prolonged Exercise

Effects of a Single Ingestion of Trehalose during Prolonged Exercise

Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine combination mouth rinse on anaerobic performance of highly trained male athletes

Menthol Mouth Rinsing Is More Than Just a Mouth Wash—Swilling of Menthol to Improve Physiological Performance

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