The effect of caffeine, theophylline and amphetamine on operant responding of the mouse

McKim, William A.

doi:10.1007/bf00432130

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is of particular interest, given that disruptive properties of a drug have been postulated to influence rates of responding for the drugs during self-administration sessions (Wilson et al 1971;Katz 1989). Several studies have examined the effects of stimulants and related drugs on schedule-controlled behavior in mice (Wenger and Dews 1976;Harris et al 1978;McKim 1980;Glowa 1986;Miczek and Haney 1994;Elmer and George 1995). More specifically, cocaine has been shown to suppress operant behavior in mice (Glowa 1986) in a similar pattern to that reported in rats (D'Mello et al 1981;van Haaren and Anderson 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice

et al. 1997

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The availability of numerous genetically homogenous mouse strains permits the analysis of genetic influences on behavior and also behavioral sensitivity (responsivity) to drugs of abuse. The current study was conducted to characterize discriminated operant responding for food in four inbred strains (Balb/cByJ, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, SJL/J), an F1 Hybrid (C57BL/6xSJL), and one outbred strain (CD1) of mouse. The effect of cocaine on this operant behavior was also examined. Initially, all animals were trained to nosepoke for food on a continuous reinforcement schedule. The minimum response requirement for reinforcement was increased every 5 days until the animals were responding on an FR-15 schedule of reinforcement. All strains increased operant responding as the schedule of reinforcement was raised. However, significant differences in response rate and discrimination learning were observed among the various strains of mice. Cocaine administration reduced operant responding for food in Balb/cByJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6xSJL/J and CD1 mice at a dose of 15.0 mg/kg, whereas higher doses were required in DBA/2J mice (30.0 mg/kg) and SJL/J mice (56.0 mg/kg). These results suggest that operant performance and the effect of cocaine on this behavior is differentially influenced by genetic make-up.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice

et al. 1997

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“…2). Amphetamine and cocaine also produce dose-dependent and biphasic changes in rates of responding but maximal increases in responding are usually larger than with nicotine or caffeine (McKim 1980;Segal et al 1981;Katz 1982;Logan et al 1989;Witkin and Goldberg 1990;and Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Behavioral effects of nicotine, amphetamine and cocaine under a fixed-interval schedule of food reinforcement in rats chronically exposed to caffeine

Jaszyna

Gąsior

Shoaib³

et al. 1998

Psychopharmacology

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Epidemiological surveys demonstrate that caffeine, the main psychoactive ingredient of coffee, is a positive correlate in drug abuse. To characterize the behavioral nature of caffeine interactions with other psychomotor stimulants, we examined the effects of chronic caffeine exposure on the behavioral responses to nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine, the selective D1 agonist SKF-82958 and the selective D2 receptor agonist NPA, in rats responding under a fixed interval (FI) schedule of food reinforcement. Following stabilization of rates and temporal patterns of responding (mathematically expressed as quarter-life values, QL), twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats responding under a 5-min FI schedule of food reinforcement were divided into two groups; one (twelve rats) maintained on tap water (control) and the other (nine rats) on caffeine (3 mg/ml added to the drinking water). Following the substitution of caffeine solution for tap water, behavior was temporarily disrupted as evidenced by decreases in responding and QL values which reached a maximum after 72 h (rate 60% and QL 30% below baseline levels). Rats developed complete tolerance to these effects of caffeine over 5 days of caffeine exposure. After response rate and QL values stabilized, effects of drugs were evaluated. Nicotine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg; SC), amphetamine (0.1-5.6; IP), and cocaine (1.0-17; IP) each produced biphasic dose-dependent changes in response rate with maximum increases in response rate following intermediate doses and decreases in response rates following higher doses. The increase in rates of responding produced by amphetamine or cocaine (but not nicotine) were greater (P<0.05) in caffeine-drinking than in water-drinking rats. Both SKF-82958 (0.001-0.3 mg/kg; IP) and NPA (0.0001-0.1; IP) produced only dose-dependent decreases in rates of responding. Caffeine-drinking rats were less sensitive to the rate-depressant effects of SKF-82958 (P<0.05) than water-drinking rats. However, similar changes (P>0.05) were produced by NPA in both groups. Except for amphetamine, the remaining drugs produced similar (P>0.05) dose-dependent decreases in QL values in water- and caffeine-drinking rats. Amphetamine produced smaller decreases in QL values in caffeine-drinking rats than in water-drinking rats (P<0.05). Chronic exposure to caffeine produced complete insurmountable tolerance to the response-rate increasing (stimulant) effects of acute caffeine (3.0-17 mg/kg; IP) in caffeine-drinking rats. In conclusion, our study revealed that chronic caffeine exposure potentiates the behavioral response to amphetamine and cocaine but not to that of nicotine in rats responding under a FI schedule of food reinforcement. Thus, it is likely that these effects are mediated through different pharmacological mechanisms.

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“…Response rates typically increase across the interval from low or zero rates early in the interval to higher steady rates near the end of the interval. Amphetamine produces robust increases early in the interval in response rates of pigeons (e.g., Katz & Barrett, 1979;McMillan, 1968), rats (e.g., Ksir & Nelson, 1977;McAuley & Leslie, 1986), mice (e.g., Glowa, 1986;McKim, 1980), monkeys (e.g., Goethe & Isaac, 1977;Herling, Downs, & Woods, 1979), and humans (e.g., Stitzer, 1984) maintained by FI schedules.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of D‐amphetamine in a Temporal Discrimination Procedure: Selective Changes in Timing or Rate Dependency?

Odum

Lieving

Schaal

2002

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Two experiments evaluated rate dependency and a neuropharmacological model of timing as explanations of the effects of amphetamine on behavior under discriminative control by time. Four pigeons pecked keys during 60-trial sessions. On each trial, the houselight was lit for a particular duration (5 to 30 s), and then the key was lit for 30 s. In Experiment 1, the key could be lit either green or blue. If the key was lit green and the sample was 30 s, or if the key was lit blue and the sample was 5 s, pecks produced food on a variable-interval 20-s schedule. The rate of key pecking increased as a function of sample duration when the key was green and decreased as a function of sample duration when the key was blue. Acute d-amphetamine (0.1 to 3.0 mg/kg) decreased higher rates of key pecking and increased lower rates of key pecking as predicted by rate dependency, but did not shift the timing functions leftward (toward overestimation) as predicted by the neuropharmacological model. These results were replicated in Experiment 2, in which the key was lit only one color during sessions, indicating that the effects were not likely due to disruption of discriminative control by key color. These results are thus consistent with rate dependency but not with the predictions of the neuropharmacological model.

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The effect of caffeine, theophylline and amphetamine on operant responding of the mouse

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice

The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice

Behavioral effects of nicotine, amphetamine and cocaine under a fixed-interval schedule of food reinforcement in rats chronically exposed to caffeine

Effects of D‐amphetamine in a Temporal Discrimination Procedure: Selective Changes in Timing or Rate Dependency?

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