The Effect of Camellia oleifera Cake Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Blood Profile, and Caecum Microorganisms in Yellow Broilers

Abstract

Simple Summary: Plant originated polysaccharides used as feed additives have gradually become popular for the health and nutrition of broilers. In the present study, polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera cake (CCP) were added to the daily diet of yellow broilers. Our results indicated that the immunity of the broilers was boosted due to the increasing weight or index of gizzard, spleen, and the thymus. CCP treatment improved the juiciness and changed the meat color of broilers by increasing the cooking loss and the yellowness. Additionally, the structure of intestinal flora altered as a response to the CCP supplementation, which favored the health of broilers. Results have revealed that CCP has potential and development value as a new type of feed additive for broilers. Abstract:The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera cake (CCP) in Lingnan yellow broilers diet from 1 to 50 days. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood profile, and caecum microorganisms were characterized by three different levels of 0, 200 and 800 mg/kg CCP supplementation. Dietary treatment did not affect the productive trait from 1 to 50 days of age, except that average daily feed intake decreased at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of CCP on various organs were different. The weight (p < 0.01) and index (p < 0.05) of bursa of Fabricius gradually decreased with the higher CCP supplementation at 21 days of the broilers diet. The gizzard weights were all higher when the broilers were fed with higher CCP concentration at 21, 42, and 50 days, respectively (p < 0.05). The weight and index of the spleen increased most with low CCP concentration (200 mg/kg) at 42 and 50 days. Moreover, CCP addition had no significant effect on meat quality except cooking loss (P < 0.05) and yellowness of meat color (p < 0.05). In the study of blood metabolism at 50 days of broilers, the concentration of calcium (p < 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.01) decreased with higher CCP supplementation. CCP increased the albumin concentration (p < 0.001) that was highest at 200 mg/kg CCP supplementation. The addition of CCP increased the number of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0.01) in the caecum of broilers, and had the potential to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (p = 0.11). Results showed that CCP played a role in improving intestinal flora and the immunity of yellow broilers.

Plant-Derived Polysaccharides Regulated Immune Status, Gut Health and Microbiota of Broilers: A Review

“…In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that polysaccharides had the potential to enhance the growth performance of broilers (17,18) (Figure 1). It was reported that higher-dose polysaccharides supplemented in diets were beneficial to promote growth performance, while the effects of lower-dose polysaccharides were of no significance (19). Wu (17) suggested that a diet supplemented with 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APS) effectively enhanced the body weight gain of broilers after a 6-week feeding trial.…”

“…Enteromorpha polysaccharide administration increased the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius in broilers (34) and improved the morphology of the bursa of Fabricius, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, destruction of the cell structure, and cell necrosis (35). It has been demonstrated that Camellia oleifera cake polysaccharides increased the weight or index of the spleen and thymus of broilers (19). Polysaccharides were also benefited to improve the T-lymphocyte percentage and enhance the development of immune organs, evidenced by the increased lymph follicle area in the bursa of Fabricius and white pulp area expansion, which suggested that polysaccharide treatment elicited lymphocyte formation in the bursa of Fabricius (36).…”

“…Polysaccharides, serving as unique carbon sources for intestinal bacteria, have a beneficial microbial modulation effect, which demonstrated that broilers receiving polysaccharides have a higher abundance of beneficial bacteria and a lower abundance of harmful bacteria (36). Camellia oleifera cake polysaccharide supplementation could promote the growth of probiotics and had the potential to inhibit the number of pathogenic bacteria (19). Numerous studies proved that polysaccharide (such as Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides, Camellia oleifera cake polysaccharides, APS, and Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides) treatment increased the abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcaceae, and decreased the abundances of Escherichia coli and Salmonella (14,19,36,41).…”

“…Camellia oleifera cake polysaccharide supplementation could promote the growth of probiotics and had the potential to inhibit the number of pathogenic bacteria (19). Numerous studies proved that polysaccharide (such as Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides, Camellia oleifera cake polysaccharides, APS, and Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides) treatment increased the abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcaceae, and decreased the abundances of Escherichia coli and Salmonella (14,19,36,41). It was reported that inulin supplementation decreased the cecal concentrations of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in broilers (63), and increased Bifidobacterium (64).…”

Physicochemical property and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from the seed cakes of Camellia oleifera Abel

“…D-gal has been broadly used to replicate the animal aging model. In the present study, D-gal-induced aging model in mice was built in accordance with the protocols reported in the existing investigation (Wang, Zhang, et al, 2020;Wang, Huo, et al, 2020) COCP-H group. Except that the mice in NC group were administered normal saline, mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with D-gal (500 mg/kg•bw) once a day for 6 weeks.…”