The effect of carbon nanotubes on the rheology and electrical resistivity of polyamide 12/high density polyethylene blends

Zonder, Lior; Ophir, Amos; Kenig, S.; McCarthy, Stephen P.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2011.08.048

Cited by 73 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It was shown that most of the MWNTs were located at the interface when they were premixed with the EMA or when simultaneously mixed while they remained inside the PA when premixed with PA, indicating the higher affinity of MWNTs toward the PA phase. Similar results were reported by Zonder et al . in PA/PE/CNT blends.…”

Section: Effects Of Mixing Conditions (Dynamic Process)supporting

confidence: 92%

Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding

Salehiyan

Ray

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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This article critically reviews the detailed fundamental understanding of the influence of conductive nanoparticle migration on the localization, and hence, electrical conductivity of immiscible polymer blend nanocomposites. Three types of conductive nanoparticles, namely, spherical, tubular, and platelet, are discussed with respect to their migration and electrical conductivity of obtained nanocomposites. A complete migration process consists of bulk migration within one component, contact with the interface, and penetration to the other component. During processing, the wetting coefficient parameter is the main thermodynamically controlling factor for nanoparticle localization. However, kinetic effects, such as mixing sequence and intensity, viscosity ratio, size and shape of the nanoparticles, and mixing time, can play a substantial role in determining the final locations of nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of migration varies with the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. It has been reported that nanoparticles in a more viscous phase move slower compared with a low viscous phase. Furthermore, nanoparticles having high aspect ratios and surface polarities compatible with the other component migrating faster. It is established that immiscible polymer blend nanocomposites with a “double percolation” structure having higher conductivity with nanoparticles are localized at the interface of the co‐continuous blends.

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Section: Effects Of Mixing Conditions (Dynamic Process)supporting

confidence: 92%

Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding

Salehiyan

Ray

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…1 The addition of small quantity of carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in to the pristine polymer has been extensively carried out in an attempt to enhance the end-user physical properties such as mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties in contrast to neat polymer. 2,3 For example, Milo S. P. Shaffer and Alan H. Windle 4 reported that there was retardation effects on the onset of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) thermal decomposition for the nanocomposites with low MWCNT loadings, and there was an increase in modulus besides; Zonder et al 5 prepared polyamide 12/high density polyethylene/carbon nanotubes (PA12/HDPE/MWCNT) system, which have achieved the highest reinforcement effect with the lowest resistivity by premixing MWCNT in the PE phase. Similarly, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposites, which were filled by MWCNT have also attracted broad attention due to the remarkably enhanced dielectric permittivity with an extremely low percolation threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is described by the expression, as given in eq. (5) with the Doyle approximation 26 for heterogeneous process: (5) where, G() is a conversional function, A is a pre-exponential factor, and log(AE a /RG()) taken as constants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization kinetics of PVDF filled with multi wall carbon nanotubes modified by amphiphilic ionic liquid

Bahader

Gui

et al. 2015

Macromol. Res.

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The special electric properties of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is strongly dependent on its crystalline structural morphology. In this study, modification in the crystal structure of PVDF was achieved by utilizing the long alkyl chain ionic liquid (1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [C 16 mim][Br]) and ionic liquid modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The developed crystal pattern was analyzed by XRD and the compatibility and dispersion characteristics of MWCNT in the matrix was observed by FESEM. The isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics were studied by DSC and different models namely; Avrami, Jeziorny and Ozawa were applied to fit the data. The results demonstrate that crystal structure of PVDF is significantly changed and the dispersion of MWCNT was enhanced with the addition of ionic liquid (IL). Kinetically, the crystallization was influenced and became fast due to the presence of [C 16 mim][Br] at the PVDF/MWCNT interface. Furthermore, the data well fitted in the model with significant linearity. The positive effect on the crystallization of PVDF may be ascribed to not only due to the existence of -cation interaction between the imidazolium cation and the aromatic multiwall carbon nanotubes structure, but also due to the electrostatic interaction between the > CF 2 of the polymer backbone and imidazolium cation, which speed up the crystallization kinetics.

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“…This unexpected result can be explained considering that the functionalization partially destroyed the graphenic sp 2 structure of the CNTs walls after introducing oxygen moieties as demonstrated by the increase of the ID/IG ratio as measured by Raman spectroscopy and discussed in our previous works [5,10]. Other authors [23][24][25] while studying PA12/CNT systems found some relationship between the rheological behaviour of PA12, its end groups and the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. Another possible explanation of the phenomenon can also be found in the high polymer/nanotubes interactions: the polymer, completely wrapping the nanotubes, can considerably reduce the electron tunnelling that is at the base of the electrical conductivity in this kind of systems [21,22,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

High performance PA6/CNTs nanohybrid fibers prepared in the melt

Scaffaro

Tito

2012

Composites Science and Technology

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a b s t r a c tCommercial and home-made carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were plasma treated under oxygen atmosphere and then added to polyamide 6 (PA6) in order to prepare fibres by melt spinning. For comparison, pristine nanofillers were used too. The effect of functionalization and of filler characteristics on the morphological, rheological, mechanical and electrical properties of the fibres was studied by TEM and SEM, rheological measurements, tensile and electrical conductivity tests. The results demonstrated that the functionalization led to a better mechanical performance and the morphological analysis confirmed that the adhesion, the dispersion and the alignment of the nanotubes within the polymer matrix were improved when using functionalized CNTs. Electrical tests marked that functionalization slightly reduced the conductivity of the materials.

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The effect of carbon nanotubes on the rheology and electrical resistivity of polyamide 12/high density polyethylene blends

Cited by 73 publications

References 33 publications

Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding

Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding

Crystallization kinetics of PVDF filled with multi wall carbon nanotubes modified by amphiphilic ionic liquid

High performance PA6/CNTs nanohybrid fibers prepared in the melt

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