The effect of central nervous system depressant, stimulant and hallucinogenic drugs on injury severity in patients admitted for trauma

Abstract

CNS depressant drugs had a strong influence on injury severity in patients who screened positive for alcohol consumption.

Traumatic brain injury and methamphetamine: A double-hit neurological insult

“…Drugs other than alcohol were found in 31.3% of patients, METH accounting for 2.7%. Depressants had a strong influence on injury severity in patients who screened positive for alcohol, whereas stimulants did not significantly affect injury outcomes [19].…”

“…Cordovilla-Guardia et al [19] The effect of pathway post METH injection delays calcium deregulation and glutamate excitotoxicity [153]; this may explain the prior findings. It is possible that when administered post-injury, METH decreases neuronal loss in the hippocampus, a structure mostly involved in the preservation of memories [154], and increases the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules and neurotensin, both highly involved in the dopaminergic system.…”

“…For instance, psychostimulants can cause aggressive behavior [17] and a decline in psychomotor performance [18], which increase the risk of brain trauma. The most common mechanisms of injury post substance misuse are traffic collision or falls [19]. Data are emerging that not only relate TBI and substance use as comorbidities but also suggest that brain injury might be a risk factor for substance use [7,[20][21][22][23], including alcohol use disorder [23][24][25].…”

“…Traumatic brain injury: a) distribution by cause in the United States, b) ratio of severity, c) pathophysiology and interplay between primary and secondary injuries [2,4]. [19]. TBI patients who screened positive for METH are more likely to have had a violent incident of brain trauma compared to those who test negative [33,34].…”

Association between the detection of alcohol, illicit drugs and/or psychotropic medications/opioids in patients admitted due to trauma and trauma recidivism: A cohort study

“…When we focus on those works that have addressed the issue of TR related to consumption, we found important methodological differences. Some of these studies only focus on certain types of injuries or mechanisms, such as traumatic brain injuries [ 14 ], intentional injuries [ 15 ], and traffic crashes [ 16 ], or only on severe trauma [ 17 ]. The periods of detection for recurrence also present important differences; studies have considered TR as any trauma prior to the trauma when consumption is detected [ 17 ], the five years previous to the trauma [ 9 , 18 ], and trauma that occurred in a follow-up of 5 years after the trauma when consumption was detected [ 16 ] and in follow-ups of 10 or more years [ 14 , 19 ].…”