The effect of changes in concentrations of dry matter, and of fat and protein in milk substitute diets for veal calves

Stobo, I. J. F.; Roy, J. H. B.; Ganderton, P.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600086172

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, an increased incidence of pneumonia in October to December was associated with moving bull calves to testing stations within 14 days of weaning (4). However, increased susceptibility to respiratory infections has been associated with the high growth rates (1.57 kg/day) and fat deposition resulting from feeding a milk substitute diet at high dry matter concentration (165).…”

Section: Nutritional Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Calves to Disease

Roy¹

1980

Journal of Dairy Science

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Enteric and respiratory disorders are the main hazards to successful calf rearing. The many interrelated factors in the etiology of these disorders are reviewed, and an attempt has been to classify the factors into those of a microbiological, immunological, nutritional, genetic, physical, or psychological nature. No one would dispute that enteric and respiratory disorders are the two main hazards to calf health, but many would argue about the relative importance of specific pathogens and other predisposing factors in the etiology of these disorders.

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Section: Nutritional Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Calves to Disease

Roy¹

1980

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Thus, the calves were subjected to a total of twelve dietary treatments, each treatment being an abrupt increase or decrease in diet concentration. The general husbandry of the calves, the methods of feeding and the monitoring of the concentration of DM, nitrogen and fat content of the milk powders and the reconstituted milks were similar to those described by Stobo et al (1979).…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N T a L Expt 1 Changes In Milk D M Concentrmentioning

confidence: 78%

The effect of abrupt changes in the concentration and frequency of feeding milk-substitute diets on the voluntary food intake of calves

Ternouth¹,

Ganderton²,

Beattie

1986

Br J Nutr

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1. To examine the relations between short- and long-term regulation of food intake in calves given milk-substitute diets, abrupt changes were made in the dry matter (DM) concentration of the diet (Expt 1) and in the frequency of feeding (Expts 2 and 3).2. When calves, fed once daily, had the DM concentration of their diet changed, they drank the same volume of milk on the 1st day they received the new diet as they had on the previous days; so the DM intakes changed in proportion to the change in milk DM concentration. Over the subsequent 6 d, milk intake progressively increased when milk DM concentration was reduced. When the DM concentration of milk was increased the volume of milk drunk was reduced to a minimum value 2–3 d after the change in diet and increased thereafter. The size of the changes was dependent on the initial and changed DM concentrations of the milk.3. In calves receiving milk-substitute diets containing 80–260 g DM/kg, milk intakes were reduced by up to 30% on the 1st day that calves were fed once daily instead of twice daily. Over the subsequent 13 d of once-daily feeding, milk intakes increased, particularly for calves given diets of low DM concentration.4. Feeding the calves once daily reduced the digestibility of DM in Expt 2 but not the digestibility of crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) and fat; diets containing lower concentrations of DM were particularly affected.5. It is concluded that the intake of milk-fed calves at a single meal is regulated by an abomasal stretch mechanism. After an abrupt change in milk DM concentration or in the frequency of feeding, the amount of milk drunk at subsequent meals is modified by some long-term control mechanisms.

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“…For the last 6 d of each period, the intake of diet was the same as that of the cannulated calf. During this 6 d period, urine and faeces were collected and sampled from the intact calf by the method described by Stobo et al (1979), to enable calculation of apparent digestibilities, absorptions and retentions.…”

Section: Relation Between Expt I (A) and Exptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back cover

1985

br j nutr

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1. Two experiments of Latin square design were made, each with four Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal and ileal cannulas at 4-10 d of age. The calves were used to study the effect of giving milk-substitutes containing 0, 300, 500 and 700 g bacterial protein (Pruteen)/kg total protein on apparent digestibility of nitrogen fractions and amino acids and true digestibility of 3H-labelled milk protein and 35S-labelled bacterial protein in the small intestine. A third experiment of Latin square design with four intact Friesian calves was used to measure apparent digestibility of nutrients throughout the alimentary tract and retention of N, calcium and phosphorus.2. At the duodenum, volume of outflow, its pH, and outflow of total-N (TN), protein-N (PN) and non-protein-N (NPN) decreased with time after feeding. At the ileum, volume of outflow and TN outflow were unaffected by time after feeding but PN outflow decreased; NPN outflow at the ileum increased to a maximum 6 h after feeding and then declined.3. Increased inclusion of Pruteen did not affect the volume of outflow at the duodenum or ileum, but duodenal PN outflow increased. At the ileum, pH values were lower and TN, PN and NPN outflows were higher with increasing concentration of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility in the small intestine tended to decrease with greater amounts of Pruteen, but was only significant for NPN. Apparent digestibility from mouth to ileum significantly decreased for TN and PN as Pruteen inclusion increased.4. Amino acid concentration in duodenal outflow, with the exception of that of arginine, reflected intake. The total amount of each amino acid in ileal outflow increased and the apparent digestibility of most amino acids decreased with greater amounts of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility of nucleic acid-N from Pruteen was very high.5. True digestibility in the small intestine and between mouth and ileum of 3H-labelled milk protein was high and did not differ between dietary treatments. True digestibility of 36S-labelled Pruteen was low for the milk-protein diet and tended to increase linearly as more dietary Pruteen was included.6 . Dry matter concentration in faeces and a high apparent digestibility throughout the whole alimentary tract of carbohydrates did not differ between treatments. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and fat, apparent absorption of Ca, P and ash throughout the tract, retention of N, Ca and P and biological value of the protein decreased with inclusion rates greater than 300 g Pruteen/kg total dietary protein. The amount of N apparently absorbed in the large intestine was estimated as 0.9 g/d.7. Comparison of intake of apparently absorbed essential amino acids with requirement suggests that histidine is likely to be the limiting amino acid, assuming that arginine is synthesized in the body.8. Efficiencies of utilization of protein for tissue synthesis and to cover obligatory loss are estimated as 0.80, 0.75, 0.66 and 0.47 for diets containing 0...

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The effect of changes in concentrations of dry matter, and of fat and protein in milk substitute diets for veal calves

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Calves to Disease

Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Calves to Disease

The effect of abrupt changes in the concentration and frequency of feeding milk-substitute diets on the voluntary food intake of calves

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