Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Calves to Disease

Roy, J. H. B.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(80)82987-0

Cited by 78 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Roy (1980) noted that concentrations capable of providing protection against one pathogenic organism were insufficient against another. Associations between immunoglobulin concentration and mortality have been reported by Harker (1974), Ducker and Fraser (1973) and Khalaf et al (1979), but in all studies not all lambs with low concentrations died, nor did all with high levels survive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Induction of Parturition in Ewes with Dexamethasone or Oestrogen on Concentrations of Immunoglobulins in Colostrum, and Absorption of Immunoglobulins by Lambs

Dawe¹,

Husband²,

Langford³

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Immunoglobulins were measured in colostral whey from untreated ewes or ewes treated on days 142-145 of gestation with 15 mg oestradiol benzoate (ODB) or 10, 17·5 or 25 mg dexamethasone m-sulfobenzoate (DEX) to induce parturition. DEX at all levels reduced the concentrations of immunoglobulins in colostrum, but ODB had no effect. In a second experiment, similar treatments of ODB and DEX were applied on day 143 of gestation. Lambs were removed from their dams at birth and fed a standard volume of pooled colostrum taken from untreated ewes. They were injected with an antigen (Brucella abortus) at 12 hand 4 weeks of age .. Concentrations of immunoglobulins in blood plasma at 24 h after birth of lambs from DEX-treated ewes were lower than for lambs from untreated ewes or from those treated with ODB. Response to the antigen, monitored to 12 weeks of age, was unaffected by either drug. The impairment of transfer of immunoglobulins from ewe to lamb offers a possible explanation for the higher mortality among older lambs found previously after treatment of ewes with DEX.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Induction of Parturition in Ewes with Dexamethasone or Oestrogen on Concentrations of Immunoglobulins in Colostrum, and Absorption of Immunoglobulins by Lambs

Dawe¹,

Husband²,

Langford³

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Calves are highly susceptible to bacterial and viral pathogens [5,24]. The reason for the enhanced susceptibility of neonatal calves to infectious disease has not been fully understood, although the following factors are thought to be involved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Age-Dependent Changes Of Bovine Neutrophil Functions and Their Intracellular Ca2+ Concentrations.

et al. 1997

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ABSTRACT. Neutrophil functions and intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations ([Ca 2+ ]i) were evaluated in 15 Holstein cattle divided into the following 3 groups: 5 neonatal calves less than 1 week old (group 1), 5 young calves 2 to 4 weeks old (group 2) and 5 cows 2 to 3 years old (group 3). The ability of neutrophils to phagocytose Candida albicans (C. albicans) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in neonatal and young calves than in cows, whereas the phagocytosis by neutrophils of bovine IgG-coated yeasts (IgG-yeasts) was significantly lower (p<0.05) in neonatal and young calves than that in cows. The killing activity by neutrophils of C. albicans in neonatal and young calves was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in cows. Luminol dependent chemiluminescent (LDCL) responses stimulated with opsonized zymosan (OPZ), heat-aggregated IgG (H-agg.IgG) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were apparently lower in neonatal and young calves than in cows. No clearly different expressions of complement receptor type 3 (CR3) on neutrophils were observed among the 3 groups of cattle, although the values due to the binding of FITC-anti-bovine IgG to neutrophils in neonatal and young calves were lower than those in group 3. The OPZ-induced [Ca 2+ ]i of neutrophils in neonatal and young calves were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in cows, but they were lower in neonatal and young calves when stimulated with H-agg.IgG. These results indicate that CR3-and FcRmediated phagocytic and killing activities of neutrophils in neonatal and young calves are different from those in cows. These phenomena may be associated with age-dependent changes in [Ca 2+ ]i. -KEY WORDS: intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, neonatal calf, neutrophil function, young calf.

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“…The ability of PMN to phagocytose IgG-coated yeast and CL activity is lower in neonatal calves (< 1 week of age) and young calves (2 to 4 weeks of age) than in cows (2 to 3 years of age). The depression of these PMN functions is attributed to reduced Fc receptors found on PMN isolated from neonatal and young calves, and contributes to the highly susceptible nature of calves to bacterial and viral pathogens [24,148].…”

Section: Bactericidal and Respiratory Burst Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk

Paape¹,

Bannerman²,

et al. 2003

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-Migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) into the mammary gland provide the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens. Bacteria release potent toxins that activate white blood cells and epithelial cells in the mammary gland to secrete cytokines that recruit PMN that function as phagocytes at the site of infection. While freshly migrated PMN are active phagocytes, continued exposure of PMN to inhibitory factors in milk such as fat globules and casein, leads to altered PMN morphology and reduced phagocytosis. In the course of phagocytosing and destroying invading pathogens, PMN release chemicals that not only kill the pathogens but that also cause injury to the delicate lining of the mammary gland. This will result in permanent scarring and reduced numbers of milk secretory cells. The life span of PMN is limited by the onset of apoptosis. To minimize damage to mammary tissue, PMN undergo a specialized process of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. Macrophages quickly engulf and phagocytose apoptotic PMN, thereby minimizing the release of PMN granular contents that are damaging to tissue. The PMN possess an array of cell surface receptors that allow them to adhere and migrate through endothelium and to recognize and phagocytose bacteria. One receptor found on phagocytes that is receiving considerable attention in the control of infections by Gram-negative bacteria is CD14. Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to membrane bound CD14 causes release of tumor necrosis factor-a and sepsis. Binding of LPS to soluble CD14 shed from CD14-bearing cells results in neutralization of LPS and rapid recruitment of PMN to the site of infection. Recent advances in the fields of genomics and proteomics should greatly enhance our understanding of the PMN role in controlling intramammary infections in ruminants. Further, manipulation of PMN, through either recombinant proteins such as soluble CD14 that enhance PMN response or agents that mediate PMN apoptosis, may serve as novel therapeutics for the treatment of mastitis.

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Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Calves to Disease

Cited by 78 publications

References 129 publications

Effects of Induction of Parturition in Ewes with Dexamethasone or Oestrogen on Concentrations of Immunoglobulins in Colostrum, and Absorption of Immunoglobulins by Lambs

Effects of Induction of Parturition in Ewes with Dexamethasone or Oestrogen on Concentrations of Immunoglobulins in Colostrum, and Absorption of Immunoglobulins by Lambs

Relationship between Age-Dependent Changes Of Bovine Neutrophil Functions and Their Intracellular Ca2+ Concentrations.

The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk

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