“…Biomarkers, such as various proteins and other biochemical attributes, lead an essential role in the biological systems of males and females (5,6,10,22,23,24,34), but the detailed information for its presence in seminal plasma, importance in sperm metabolism, and their relation with bull fertility is still unknown (18,21,25,39,41). It is well-known that buffalo semen is characterized by high contents of fructose, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and inorganic phosphorus but lower content of antioxidants compared to bull semen (8,9,13,15,40,43).…”