The Effect of Chronic Smoking on the Pupil and Photostress Recovery Time

Sobacı, Güngör; Erdem, Üzeyir; Gündoğan, Fatih Ç.; Musayev, Samir

doi:10.1159/000345533

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The results of this study showed a significant decrease in PD at 5 mins after ST use compared to the measurements taken before ST use (4.23±0.51mm vs. 4.52±0.60mm).This was consistent with the findings of Erdem et al (8), who suggested that the iris sphincter muscle was activated more by the parasympathetic system than by the sympathetic system. It has also been suggested that as a result of nicotine binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors, the induced cholinergic activity causes myosis, resulting in parasympathetic activity in the iris sphincter muscle (12,14). It was similarly thought in the current study that the parasympathetic effect of the nicotinic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle was more predominant than the sympathetic effect in the early stage.In a study conducted by Bardak et al (12), it was reported that no effect of cigarette smoking was determined on PD in the acute stage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Also, various ocular disorders such as thyroid ophthalmopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, and glaucoma, are associated with nicotine (13). Although few, there are also studies in literature related to the effect of nicotine and cigarette smokingon the corneal endothelium, pupil diameter and the lens (8,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are studies in the literature that have investigated the effects of ST on the nervous system, the vascular system and the psychomotor system (1)(2)(3)7,19). Although there are studies showing the effects of cigarettes on the anterior segment parameters (8,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), there are no studies showing the effects of ST. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to have reported the acute and chronic effect of ST on ocular anterior segment parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dumansız Tütünün Ön Segment Parametreleri Üzerindeki Akut ve Kronik Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Beyoğlu

Karaküçük²,

Çömez³

et al. 2021

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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Dumansız tütün (DT) kullanımının oküler ön segment üzerine akut etkisinin optik biyometri ile değerlendirilmesi.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Dumansız tütün kullanan, herhangi bir sistemik ve oküler patolojisi olmayan 32 bireyin 32 sağ gözü çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bireylerin tam bir oftalmolojik muayenesinden sonra optik biyometri ile baseline ölçümü gerçekleştirildi. DT kullanımından sonra 5. Dk, 30. Dk ve 60. Dk da optik biometri ölçümleri tekrar edildi. Bu ölçümlerde, Santral kornea kalınlığı (SKK), ön kamara derinliği (ÖKD), lens kalınlığı (LK), pupiller çap (PÇ) ve aksiyal uzunluk (AU) da oluşan akut değişimler incelendi.Bulgular: Dumansız tütün kullanımı öncesi ve kullanımdan sonraki ortalama SKK, AU, ÖKD ve LK açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (sırası ile p=0.62, p=0.72, p=0.77, p=0.72). PÇ açısından ST kullanımı ile oluşan değişimler için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p<0.01).Bu farklılık DT kullanımı öncesi ile kullandıktan sonraki 5.dk ile 30.dk arasında anlamlı iken 60.dk da ki ölçüm arasında anlamlı görülmedi (sırası ile p<0.01, p<0.01, p=0.71). DT kullanımı sonrası 5.dk ile 30.dk ve 60.dk arasında anlamlı fark bulundu (sırası ile p<0.01, p<0.01). Benzer olarak 30.dk ile 60.dk arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edildi (p<0.01).Sonuç: Dumansız tütün kullanımının akut olarak oküler ön segmentte SKK, AU, ÖKD ve LK üzerine etkisi görülememiştir. Fakat PÇüzerine belirgin etki göstermiştir. Bu etki nikotinin sempatik ve parasempatik sistemi etkilemiş olmasından dolayı kaynaklanmış olabilir. DT' nin bilinenin aksine daha zararlı olduğu görülmektedir. PÇ deki değişim günlük yaşamda zorluklar oluşturabilir.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dumansız Tütünün Ön Segment Parametreleri Üzerindeki Akut ve Kronik Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Beyoğlu

Karaküçük²,

Çömez³

et al. 2021

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…Partic ularly, stimulants and sedatives act to broadly increase and decrease pupil size respectively [82] but the phys iological mechanism matters: drugs acting on the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems differ entially innervate the iris sphincter and pupillary dilator muscles respectively[41] 6 . Smoking gives an acute increase in pupil size by suppressing parasympathetic activity [61], but not on longer timescales [86]. Over vari able timescales, pupil dilation changes with environmental illumination levels, such as those in the workplace, at home, and places in between, perhaps on a diurnal timescale.…”

Section: Changes In the Eye Itselfmentioning

confidence: 99%

IREX VI : Temporal Stability of Iris Recognition Accuracy

Grother¹,

Matey²,

Tabassi³

et al. 2013

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Purpose: This work was conducted determine whether iris recognition accuracy decreases with the time lapsed between collection of initial enrollment and recognition images. More specifically, it seeks to quantify accuracy changes associated with any permanent changes to the iris and its proximal anatomy. This study is intended to quantify natural ageing effects in a healthy population; medical conditions and injuries can rapidly and severely affect recognition, so these are out of scope.Background: Stability is a required definitional property for a biometric to be useful. Quantitative statements of stability are operationally important as they dictate re-enrollment schedules e.g. of a face on a passport. The ophthalmologists who filed initial patents on iris recognition posited the iris to be "extremely stable" over "many years" but that "features which do develop" do so "rather slowly" [31]. A further patent held that irises have "texture of high complexity, that prove to be immutable over a person's life" [21]. This view held until several recent empirical studies suggested otherwise. Those studies, and ours, were motivated to check the veracity of the 1994 patent's assertion that an enrolled iris can be viable over decades. Two studies, using separate iris image collections from the University of Notre Dame, reported a large increase in false rejection rates [8,29]. The studies made attempts to account for several possible causes of the observed ageing, but could not conclude that the iris texture itself was changing. Their results, however, were widely reported [59,24, 3] with statements such as "irises, rather than being stable over a lifetime, are susceptible to ageing effects that steadily change the appearance over time" [33]. A further study, however, identified pupil-dilation[27] as the primary causal variable. Operational iris systems have identified individuals over periods up to 10 years[5] and 7 years [6].Conclusions: Using two large operational datasets, we find no evidence of a widespread iris ageing effect. Specifically, the population statistics (mean and variance) are constant over periods of up to nine years. This is consistent with the ability to enroll most individuals and see no degradation in overall recognition accuracy. Furthermore, we compute an ageing rate for how quickly recognition degrades with changes in the iris anatomy; this estimate suggests that iris recognition of average individuals will remain viable over decades. However, given the large population sizes, we identify a small percentage of individuals whose recognition scores do degrade consistent with disease or an ageing effect. These results are confined to adult populations. Additionally, we show that the template ageing reported in the Notre Dame studies is largely due to systematic dilation change over the collection period. Pupil dilation varies under environmental and several biological influences, with variations occuring on timescales ranging from below one second up to several decades. Our data suggests that the...

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“…The photopic pupil diameters were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. Sobaci et al 12 proposed that chronic smoking might dilate the pupil. The authors reported larger photopic pupil sizes in smokers and they associated this finding as a result of nicotineinduced autonomous neuropathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Smoking on Anterior Segment Parameters, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Pupillary Functions

Köktekir¹,

Gonul²,

Bakbak³

et al. 2014

tjo

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Objectives:To evaluate the alterations in the anterior segment parameters, retinal nerve fiber layer, and pupillary functions in smokers. Materials and Methods:In this case-control study, 45 eyes of 45 smokers and 45 eyes of 45 non-smoker control subjects were evaluated. All patients underwent measurement of anterior segment parameters with optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR), mesopic and photopic pupillary diameter with an aberrometer device, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with optical coherence tomography, and dry-eye assessment with Schirmer's test. The results were compared with independent t-test by SPSS 16.0 Inc., and a p-value lower than 0.05 was determined as significant. Results: There was a significant difference between both groups in terms of mesopic pupil diameters that were measured with both OLCR and aberrometer device (p=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Schirmer scores were also significantly decreased in smokers (p=0.001). The other measured parameters demonstrated no difference between smokers and non-smokers (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion:Smoking may affect pupillary functions, especially the mesopic pupillary diameter, and may cause a deficiency in pupil response under dark circumstances. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 11-4)

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The Effect of Chronic Smoking on the Pupil and Photostress Recovery Time

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Dumansız Tütünün Ön Segment Parametreleri Üzerindeki Akut ve Kronik Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Dumansız Tütünün Ön Segment Parametreleri Üzerindeki Akut ve Kronik Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

IREX VI : Temporal Stability of Iris Recognition Accuracy

The Effects of Smoking on Anterior Segment Parameters, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Pupillary Functions

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