Fluorene-based polymers are widely known materials due to a combination of features such as photoluminescence and electroluminescence, oxidative stability, and filmforming ability. However, studies reporting nonlinear optical properties in this class of conjugated polymer are scarce. Here, we report a new class of polyfluorene derivatives poly(9,9 0 -n-dihexyl-2,7-fluorenedilvinylene-alt-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(9,9 0 -n-dihexyl-2,7-fluorenedilvinylene-alt-2,5-thiophene), and poly[(9,9-di-hexylfluorenediylvinylene-alt-1,4phenylenevinylene)-co-((9,9 0 -(3-t-butylpropanoate) fluorene-1,4-phenylene)] displaying high two-photon absorption (2PA) in the spectral range from a 490 to 1100 nm. The 2PA cross-section peak values for these materials are as high as 3000 Gö ppert Mayer (1 GM ¼ 1 Â 10 À50 cm 4 s/photon), which is related to the high degree of conjugation along the polymer backbone. The polymers that were used in this study presented a strong two-photon luminescence and also displayed optical limiting behavior, which, in combination with their well-established properties, make them highly suitable for nonlinear optical devices.