The effect of contest participation and contest outcome on subsequent prosocial behavior

Moyal, Adiel; Ritov, Ilana

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240712

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The choice of these sorts of outcome feedback was closely related to the design of a previous study 27 . Recent work reported the impact of competition on subsequent social behavior, in the absence of explicit relative performance feedback (uncertain competitive outcome) 31 , 32 . This is akin to a typical everyday competitive scenario in which people are very seldom explicitly informed about the outcome of their competitive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spillover effects of competition outcome on future risky cooperation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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There is growing evidence that risky cooperation is regulated by the experience of previous interactions with others. However, it is unclear how the evaluation of outcomes from competitive interactions can affect individuals’ subsequent cooperative behavior. To address this issue, we examined how participants cooperated with a partner having just competed with them. While competing, participants (N = 164) were randomly assigned to receive one of four types of outcome feedback regarding their performance (victory vs. defeat vs. uncertain vs. no competition (control)). We found that both the experience of defeats and of uncertainty as competitive outcomes exerted a negative impact on the extent to which participants then engaged in cooperative behavior with their recent opponents. This only occurred when such subsequent cooperative behavior involved a high potential for incurring personal costs but not when there was no risk of incurring personal costs and a positive return. Finally, mediation analysis revealed that the effect of defeat was mediated by participants’ level of interpersonal trust and the extent to which participants were willing to cooperate, while the effect of the uncertain competitive outcome was mediated only by the extent to which participants were willing to cooperate. These findings offer novel insights into how risky cooperation is modulated by previous competition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spillover effects of competition outcome on future risky cooperation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…For example, prevailing over one's opponent (win) signals relative competitive advantage (dominance), while conceding defeat signals (loss) relative competitive disadvantage (deference) (Casto & Mehta, 2019;Rustichini, 2008). In addition, previous work showed the impact of competition participation in the absence of explicit relative performance feedback (uncertain competitive outcome) on subsequent social behavior (Black et al, 2019;Moyal & Ritov, 2020). This is also akin to a typical everyday competitive scenario in which people are never explicitly informed about the outcome of their competitive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do outcome-based competitive relationships shape future risky cooperation?

Liu

2021

Preprint

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There is growing evidence that cooperative behavior between individuals is regulated by their experience of previous interactions with others. However, it is unclear how a relationship that stems from the evaluation of outcomes from competitive interactions can affect subsequent cooperation between these individuals. To address this issue, we examined how participants cooperated with a partner having just competed with them. While competing, participants (N = 164) were randomly assigned to receive one of four types of outcome feedback regarding their performance (win vs. loss vs. uncertain vs. control). We found that both the experience of loss and of uncertainty as competitive outcomes exerted a negative impact on the extent to which participants then engaged in mutually cooperative behavior toward their opponents. Moreover, these effects operated in a context-dependent manner: they were only found when we manipulated the relational context to imply a high potential for incurring personal costs rather than imply no risk for incurring personal costs and mutual gains. Finally, our mediation analysis further revealed that the effect of the loss outcome was mediated by the intention of participants to cooperate and their level of interpersonal trust, while the effect of uncertain competitive outcome was mediated only by the extent to which participants intended to cooperate. This suggests the presence of distinct psychological processes underlying the effects of these two types of competitive outcome. Taken together, these finding offer novel insight into how risky cooperation may cascade from previous exposure to competitive settings.

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The Effect of Temporary Group Identity on Adolescent Social Mindfulness Decisions: An Empirical Study Using Team Sports Contexts

Tao,

Guo,

Wang

2024

Behavioral Sciences

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Social mindfulness entails the consideration of the interests of others while respecting their autonomy. Although long-term group identity generates in-group favoritism in social mindfulness decisions, the effect of temporary group identity on social mindfulness remains to be validated. This study examined this effect by recruiting a convenience sample of 74 adolescents from a youth basketball club, who were randomly assigned to either an in-group or out-group decision-making condition. A basketball game scenario was used to establish temporary group identities, referencing the Minimal Group paradigm for grouping while applying the SoMi paradigm in a real-world context. The results showed that adolescents exhibited higher social mindfulness (χ2 = 22.774, df = 1, p < 0.001) and preference-adjusted social mindfulness (χ2 = 6.861, df = 1, p < 0.01) toward in-group compared to out-group members. Conversely, they displayed higher levels of preference-adjusted social hostility toward out-group members (χ2 = 11.291, df = 1, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that even temporary group identities, formed in a sports setting, can lead to intergroup bias in adolescents’ social decision-making, promoting goodwill toward the in-group while restricting the autonomy of out-group members.

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The effect of contest participation and contest outcome on subsequent prosocial behavior

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

Spillover effects of competition outcome on future risky cooperation

Spillover effects of competition outcome on future risky cooperation

How do outcome-based competitive relationships shape future risky cooperation?

The Effect of Temporary Group Identity on Adolescent Social Mindfulness Decisions: An Empirical Study Using Team Sports Contexts

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