The Effect of Contextual Factors on Psychiatrists' Perception of Illness: A Case Study

Simon, Jesse; Zusman, Jack

doi:10.2307/2136644

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Despite the above concerns, the findings are of importance in that they provide preliminary experimental evidence for the phenomenon of forensic identification, as described by Simon and Zusman (1983). It should be noted that an apparent retention effect was obtained with exceptionally weak stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Based on an analysis of the Buffalo Creek disaster, Zusman and Simon (1983;Simon & Zusman, 1983) concluded that mental health professionals testifying in criminal or civil cases may be subtly influenced by situational factors, as a result of forensic identification. The term forensic identification refers to the "unintentional process by which clinicians adopt the fact pattern or theory of the attorney with whom they have initial contact" (Rogers, 1987, p. 151).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bias and expert testimony of mental health professionals in adversarial proceedings: A preliminary investigation

Otto

1989

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The role of mental health professionals testifying as expert witnesses has been the subject of increasing criticism. Cases in which opposing experts reach different conclusions are dismissed as “battles of the experts” and psychologists and psychiatrists are described as “hired guns.” This preliminary, analogue study examined the degree to which the opinions and testimony of mental health professionals may differ according to which side retains the expert. Results provided some support for the proposition that mental health professionals' testimony may vary according to the side by which they are retained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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confidence: 99%

Bias and expert testimony of mental health professionals in adversarial proceedings: A preliminary investigation

Otto

1989

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…Research has demonstrated, for example, that individuals who would be defined as having more serious emotional disturbances quite often commit minor offenses, and vice versa (Ellis and Brancale 1956). Other research points to the observation that psychiatrists frequently disagree with each others' expert testimony and suggests that diagnostic findings often depend upon which side of a case has engaged the expert (for a review, see Simon and Zusman 1983). Some psychiatrists also are critical of the idea of a sexual psychopath and, in 1977, the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, with a membership of some 300 psychiatrists, called for the repeal of sexual psychopath legisla,tion.…”

Section: The Medicalization Of Rapementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists

Vetten¹,

Scully²

1993

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Learning to Rape Denying Rape In the ten years that I have been working on this project, I have accumulated a debt of gratitude to a long list of individuals and institutions. The National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape at the National Institute of Mental Health funded the research on convicted rapists. I especially want to thank the exceptional staff of women at the National Center with whom I worked during those years and to acknowledge their feminist foresight. The research could not have been done without the generous cooperation of the Virginia Department of Corrections, the staffs of the seven prisons in which the research took place, and, of course, the men who volunteered to be interviewed. In different ways, I am grateful and indebted to them all. Joseph Marolla and I collaborated on the development of the NIMH grant, and on the data gathering, analysis, and early writing. His insight and sociological imagination are evident throughout this manuscript, but the interpretations and opinions expressed herein are my own. I am grateful for the love and support of my family and the encouragement of colleagues at Virginia Commonwealth University. The interest and enthusiasm of my students, too numerous to mention, has been especially important, and, in particular, I am grateful to Diane Berry and Lloyd (Chip) Byrd for their contributions to this project. Over the years a number of individuals have read parts of the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. I particularly want to thank

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“…However, when the same case was portrayed as a black female, 50% of white female psychiatrists offered this diagnosis. Psychiatrists have also been found to offer widely different diagnoses depending upon which side of a legal case they are hired to represent (Simon & Zusman, 1983). Straightforward financial considerations, like those of gender and race, provide a clearer diagnostic basis than do the ambiguous symptoms.…”

Section: Treatment Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vygotsky’s Sociohistorical Psychology and its Contemporary Applications

Ratner

1991

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A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. All rights reservedNo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher This book is dedicated to my mother, to whom lowe the better part of my sociohistorical psychology PrefaceThe social character of psychological phenomena has never been easy to comprehend. Despite the fact that an intricate set of social relations forms our most intimate thoughts, feelings, and actions, we believe that psychology originates inside our body, in genes, hormones, the brain, and free will. Perhaps this asocial view stems from the alienated nature of most societies which makes individual activity appear to be estranged from social relations. One might have thought that the emergence of scientific psychology would have disclosed the social character of activity which naive experience had overlooked. Unfortunately, a century and a half of psychological science has failed to comprehend the elusive social character of psychological phenomena. Psychological science has evidently been subjugated by the mystifying ideology of society. This book aims to comprehend the social character of psychological functioning. I argue that psychological functions are quintessentially social in nature and that this social character must be comprehended if psychological knowledge and practice are to advance. The social nature of psychological phenomena consists in the fact that they are constructed by individuals in the process of social interaction, they depend upon properties of social interaction, one of their primary purposes is facilitating social interaction, and they embody the specific character of historically bound social relations.This viewpoint is known as sociohistorical psychology. It was articulated most profoundly and comprehensively by the Russian psychologists Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria during ,the 1920s and 1930s. Unfortunately, their work has remained marginal in the Soviet Union and in the West, unable to penetrate into mainstream psychological science. The present book attempts to demonstrate that sociohistorical psyvii viii PREFACE chology is a valid view of psychological phenomena which can redirect psychological science toward fruitful future development.While psychologists occasionally touch on the ~ocial character of psychological phenomena, they fail to fully comprehend it or appreciate its centrality. One reason for this failure is that psychological phenomena are intellectually fractured into separate faculties and components. This fragmentation relegates social character to being one component of one or another faculty. Social character is thereby prevented from being central to all psychologica...

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The Effect of Contextual Factors on Psychiatrists' Perception of Illness: A Case Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Bias and expert testimony of mental health professionals in adversarial proceedings: A preliminary investigation

Bias and expert testimony of mental health professionals in adversarial proceedings: A preliminary investigation

Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists

Vygotsky’s Sociohistorical Psychology and its Contemporary Applications

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