I INTRODUCTIONThough incomes policy (either in its milder form such as wage-price guideposts or in its strong form of a price freeze)l has been an important instrument in practice for a long time and is unlikely fo disappear in the foreseeable future, surprisingly little analysis has been done on how i t achieves (or fails to achieve) its objectives. There exists a large literature on the policy discussion and econometric testing of the effects of incomes policies.2 The wage-price determination models used mostly involve relations a t the aggregate 1evel.s Little attempt has been made to look a t the causal link through the process of profit maximization at the firm level.4 The recent interest in the microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics is mainly concerned with the (especially dynamic) effects of imperfect information, search costs, non-*Manuscript received 6.11.79; flnal version remived 14.11.80. tI a m grateful to Peter Warr for oommenting on the 14 draft, to Alan Fela for drawing my attention to some references, and to a referee for helpful suggestions.
]In this paper I am not concerned with what Haberler (1972) calls "incomes policy two"which is designed to reduce monopoly power and promote competition in the labour market and elsewhere. My neglect does not mean that I regard "incomes policy two" aa undesirable. Rather, i t rt3fleCtE the fact that "little hes been done to implement it (i.e., incomes policy two)" (Heberler, 1972, p. 234). On the meaning of incomes policy, see also Braun (1975). ~S W , 8. ., Ackley (1972); Blackaby (1972); Bomorth (1972); Braun (1975); Brunner and Meftzer (1978, papers by Oi, McGuire, Parkin-Sumner-Ward. Darby, Feige-Pearce); Dunlop (1974); Edgren, Faxen and Odhner (1973); Gordon (1972); Henry and Ormerod (1978); IEWO (1973); LanzillottiandRoberts (1974); Mills (1976); Mitchell and Weber (1974); Parkin and Sumner (1972, papers