“…The finer (nanosized) subsurface structure formed upon shear deformation of the amorphous phase is bounded by extended columnar crystals formed across the deformation axis upon HPT (Figure 7c,d). A slightly different picture observed in the alloys with a copper content of 34 at.% and higher (Figure 7e,f) is most likely due to the predominant formation of Ti–Cu phases in the ribbons [15].…”