The effect of defects on the mechanical response of Ti-6Al-4V cubic lattice structures fabricated by electron beam melting

Hernández-Nava, Everth; Smith, Christopher J.; Derguti, F.; Tammas‐Williams, Samuel; Léonard, Fabien; Withers, Philip J.; Todd, Iain; Goodall, Russell

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.029

Cited by 115 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In Table 2, such a difference is shown when comparing horizontal and vertical trusses. Previous investigations of lattice structures [7] have reported undersized struts when oriented parallel to the build direction; the results shown here show lower metal volume for trusses under similar conditions of manufacturing. For populated areas with thin sections, it is not clear up to what point the orientation influences the fraction of porosity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…A significant fraction of these internal pores is considered to arise from gas entrapped in the atomised powder particle feedstock [6]. Such pores are mobile in the melt pool created when powders are molten, and are then re-arranged onto patterns in the resulting solid that appear to correlate to the beam path [7]. The retention of porosity allowing such formations is reportedly due to the liquid metal forces that restrict the escape of gas bubbles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray Tomography Characterisation of Lattice Structures Processed by Selective Electron Beam Melting

Hernández-Nava

Tammas‐Williams

Léonard

et al. 2017

Metals

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Metallic lattice structures intentionally contain open porosity; however, they can also contain unwanted closed porosity within the structural members. The entrained porosity and defects within three different geometries of Ti-6Al-4V lattices, fabricated by Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM), is assessed from X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans. The results suggest that horizontal struts that are built upon loose powder show particularly high (~20 × 10 −3 vol %) levels of pores, as do nodes at which many (in our case 24) struts meet. On the other hand, for struts more closely aligned (0 • to 54 • ) to the build direction, the fraction of porosity appears to be much lower (~0.17 × 10 −3 %) arising mainly from pores contained within the original atomised powder particles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Tomography Characterisation of Lattice Structures Processed by Selective Electron Beam Melting

Hernández-Nava

Tammas‐Williams

Léonard

et al. 2017

Metals

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“…In such samples we do not see the repeated cycles of load increase and decrease. While the samples here were not examined at sufficient detail to draw conclusions on the mechanism of failure in individual struts, from other work on EBM lattices it is known that the struts generally display very limited plasticity [26], and so the failure is likely to be in a brittle mode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective laser melting processed Ti6Al4V lattices with graded porosities for dental applications

Wally

Haque

Feteira

et al. 2019

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

113

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Dental implants need to support good osseointegration into the surrounding bone for full functionality. Interconnected porous structures have a lower stiffness and larger surface area compared with bulk structures, and therefore are likely to enable better bone-implant fixation. In addition, grading of the porosity may enable large pores for ingrowth on the periphery of an implant and a denser core to maintain mechanical properties. However, given the small diameter of dental implants it is very challenging to achieve gradations in porosity. This paper investigates the use of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) to produce a range of titanium structures with regular and graded porosity using various CAD models. This includes a novel 'Spider Web' design and lattices built on a diamond unit cell. Well-formed interconnecting porous structures were successfully developed in a one-step process. Mechanical testing indicated that the compression stiffness of the samples was within the range for cancellous bone tissue. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) indicated the designed porosities were well-replicated. The structures supported bone cell growth and deposition of bone extracellular matrix.Graphical abstract:

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“…[84] ), but for AM lattices there is also significant interaction between the designed structure, the fabrication process and the properties obtained, resulting from the effect of the shapes built and the population of defects, and the microstructure [80] . Measured properties of lattices are discussed in section 3.1.…”

Section: Metal Injection Moulding With Space Holder (Mim-sh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method has been used for the production of Ti lattices of various designs including those based on unit cells with structures of diamond [79] , cubes [79,80] and more complex cubic-based designs [79] as well as rhombic dodecahedron [81] .…”

Section: Metal Injection Moulding With Space Holder (Mim-sh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Celled Porous Titanium

Shbeh

Goodall

2017

Adv Eng Mater

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[**] One of the authours (MMS) would like to acknowledge a studentship from the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.Among the porous metals, those made of titanium attract particular attention due to the interesting properties of this element. This review examines the state of research understanding and technological development of these materials, in terms of processing capability, resultant structure and properties and the most advanced applications under development. The impact of the rise of additive manufacturing techniques on these materials is discussed, along with the likely future directions required for these materials to find practical applications on a large scale.

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The effect of defects on the mechanical response of Ti-6Al-4V cubic lattice structures fabricated by electron beam melting

Cited by 115 publications

References 16 publications

X-ray Tomography Characterisation of Lattice Structures Processed by Selective Electron Beam Melting

X-ray Tomography Characterisation of Lattice Structures Processed by Selective Electron Beam Melting

Selective laser melting processed Ti6Al4V lattices with graded porosities for dental applications

Open Celled Porous Titanium

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