The effect of demographic characteristics on the success of ungulate re-introductions

Komers, Petr E.; Curman, G.Peder

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(99)00141-x

Cited by 75 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Take, for example, one assertion [22] that 'there is widespread evidence for the Allee effect in mammals (e.g. [23]), birds (e.g. [24]) and fish (e.g.…”

Section: Allee Effects: Confusion Conflation Complicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thresholds for impaired species recovery

Hutchings

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

101

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Studies on small and declining populations dominate research in conservation biology. This emphasis reflects two overarching frameworks: the smallpopulation paradigm focuses on correlates of increased extinction probability; the declining-population paradigm directs attention to the causes and consequences of depletion. Neither, however, particularly informs research on the determinants, rate or uncertainty of population increase. By contrast, Allee effects (positive associations between population size and realized per capita population growth rate, r realized , a metric of average individual fitness) offer a theoretical and empirical basis for identifying numerical and temporal thresholds at which recovery is unlikely or uncertain. Following a critique of studies on Allee effects, I quantify population-size minima and subsequent trajectories of marine fishes that have and have not recovered following threat mitigation. The data suggest that threat amelioration, albeit necessary, can be insufficient to effect recovery for populations depleted to less than 10% of maximum abundance (N max ), especially when they remain depleted for lengthy periods of time. Comparing terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates, life-history analyses suggest that population-size thresholds for impaired recovery are likely to be comparatively low for marine fishes but high for marine mammals. Articulation of a 'recovering population paradigm' would seem warranted. It might stimulate concerted efforts to identify generic impaired recovery thresholds across species. It might also serve to reduce the confusion of terminology, and the conflation of causes and consequences with patterns currently evident in the literature on Allee effects, thus strengthening communication among researchers and enhancing the practical utility of recovery-oriented research to conservation practitioners and resource managers.

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“…Take, for example, one assertion [22] that 'there is widespread evidence for the Allee effect in mammals (e.g. [23]), birds (e.g. [24]) and fish (e.g.…”

Section: Allee Effects: Confusion Conflation Complicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although highly relevant to species reintroduction studies [23] and assessments of species-invasion probabilities [37], Allee thresholds might not be similarly advantageous to studies of recovery. Knowing the Allee threshold is akin to having identified a point-of-no-return.…”

Section: The Nature Of Allee-related Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thresholds for impaired species recovery

Hutchings

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

101

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“…To achieve success a primary aim of introductions or reintroductions should be to maximize the initial rate of population increase and thereby shorten the period during which the new population is exposed to risks. In a review Komers & Curman (2000) showed that a significant proportion of variation in the rate of increase of reintroduced Artiodactyla populations is explained by age and sex structure. In particular, the proportion of socially mature animals is positively correlated to population growth, as is the proportion of males to females (Komers & Curman, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation introduction of the threatened Apennine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata: post-release dispersal differs between wild-caught and captive founders

Bocci

Menapace

Alemanno

et al. 2014

Oryx

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Sixteen Apennine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata (10 females, 6 males) were released into a protected area, the Sibillini Mountains National Park, Central Apennines, Italy, and monitored using global positioning system radio tags during 2008–2010. Founders caught in the wild (n = 8) and those reared in large enclosures (n = 8) differed in movement frequency (inter-fix distance per hour) and maximum distance covered (from the release site) in the first 5 months after release: both were significantly greater in wild individuals, males moved significantly more than females, wild individuals shifted their home ranges significantly more often than captive ones, and no differences were observed between the sexes or age classes. A mixed strategy of selection of wild and captive founders has proven successful in preventing large movements in the initial stages of release yet still providing sufficient opportunity to avoid inbreeding depression.

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“…However, survival of reintroduced populations of ungulates can be affected by several factors, such as the initial size of the population (Berger 1990;Pedrotti et al 2007), age and sex composition of the founders (Komers and Curman 2000;Apollonio et al 2003), genetic variability (Randi 2005), habitat suitability (Owen-Smith 2003), pathogens (Cunningham 1996;Mathews et al 2006), connectivity between populations (Festa-Bianchet 2002) and social organization (Stanley Price 1989). Translocation can alter significantly the behaviour of the animals because they are subjected to the multiple stresses of capture, handling, transportation and adaptation to a new environment (Letty et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-release spatial and social behaviour of translocated male Alpine ibexes (Capra ibex ibex) in the eastern Italian Alps

et al. 2011

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In this 3 years study (2006–2009), we described the\ud space-use and social patterns exhibited by a group of adult\ud male Alpine ibex relocated into the colony of the Marmolada\ud massif (eastern Italian Alps). Our aim was to analyse the postrelease\ud behaviour of translocated Alpine ibexes in comparison\ud with resident males, in order to test the short-term success of\ud the restocking, provide some insight on the duration of the\ud adaptation process and furnish some indications for future\ud restocking programs. None of the translocated males abandoned\ud the colony; however, their integration into the colony\ud was a slow and complex process. The released ibexes needed\ud 1 or even 2 years to conclude explorative movements, settle\ud down to home ranges comparable in size to those of resident\ud males and fully associate with them. Individual heterogeneity\ud in behaviour played an important role in the length of the\ud adaptation process. These results highlight the importance of\ud conducting a long-term monitoring program after restocking\ud intervention and suggest the need of behavioural studies to\ud improve knowledge on the process of integration of ibexes in\ud a new colony

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The effect of demographic characteristics on the success of ungulate re-introductions

Cited by 75 publications

References 18 publications

Thresholds for impaired species recovery

Thresholds for impaired species recovery

Conservation introduction of the threatened Apennine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata: post-release dispersal differs between wild-caught and captive founders

Post-release spatial and social behaviour of translocated male Alpine ibexes (Capra ibex ibex) in the eastern Italian Alps

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