The effect of deviance predictability on mismatch negativity in schizophrenia patients

Horacek, Magdalena; Kärgel, Christian; Scherbaum, Norbert; Müller, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.010

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When the SOA was 200 ms or less, the pattern was detected, as evidenced by the absence of an oddball MMN (deviant minus standard) in the ERP (Sussman & Gumenyuk, ; Sussman, Ritter, & Vaughan, ). In contrast, when the SOA exceeded 400 ms, the pattern was undetected, as evidenced by an oddball MMN (Horacek, Kargel, Scherbaum, & Muller, ; Scherg, Vajsar, & Picton, ; Sussman & Gumenyuk, ; Sussman et al, ; Sussman, Winkler, Huotilainen, Ritter, & Näätänen, ). However, in MEG studies in which the pattern (i.e., three standards before the deviant) was violated over blocks (i.e., four standards before the deviant), an MMN was found to the extra standard despite an SOA of 500 ms or more (Herholz, Boh, & Pantev, ; Herholz, Lappe, & Pantev, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade and no‐repetition rules are comparable controls for the auditory frequency mismatch negativity in oddball tasks

et al. 2018

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The mismatch negativity (MMN) has been widely studied with oddball tasks to index processing of unexpected auditory change. The MMN is computed as the difference of deviant minus standard and is used to capture the pattern violation by the deviant. However, this oddball MMN is confounded because the deviant differs physically from the standard and is presented less often. To improve measurement, the same tone as the deviant is presented in a separate condition. This control tone is equiprobable with other tones and is used to compute a corrected MMN (deviant minus control). Typically, the tones are in random order except that consecutive tones are not identical (no‐repetition rule). In contrast, a recent study on frequency MMN presented tones in a regular up‐and‐down sequence (cascade rule). If the cascade rule is detected more easily than the no‐repetition rule, there should be a lower risk of a confounding MMN within the cascade condition. However, in previous research, the cascade and no‐repetition conditions differed not only in the regularity of the tone sequence but also in number of tones, frequency range, and proportion of tones. We controlled for these differences to isolate effects of regularity in the tone sequence. Results of our preregistered analyses provided moderate evidence (BF01>6) that the corrected MMN did not differ between cascade and no‐repetition conditions. These findings imply that no‐repetition and cascade rules are processed similarly and that the no‐repetition condition provides an adequate control in frequency MMN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade and no‐repetition rules are comparable controls for the auditory frequency mismatch negativity in oddball tasks

et al. 2018

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“…They can sometimes use prediction errors efficiently ( Delevoye-Turrell et al, 2002 , 2003 ; Knoblich et al, 2004 ). It can even happen that they suffer more from unpredictability and irregularity than from regularity ( Horacek et al, 2016 ), as if they would be more rather than less sensitive to change. These inconsistencies suggest that a closer look at the mechanisms underlying these impairments is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Schizophrenia a Disorder of Consciousness? Experimental and Phenomenological Support for Anomalous Unconscious Processing

Giersch

Mishara

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Decades ago, several authors have proposed that disorders in automatic processing lead to intrusive symptoms or abnormal contents in the consciousness of people with schizophrenia. However, since then, studies have mainly highlighted difficulties in patients’ conscious experiencing and processing but rarely explored how unconscious and conscious mechanisms may interact in producing this experience. We report three lines of research, focusing on the processing of spatial frequencies, unpleasant information, and time-event structure that suggest that impairments occur at both the unconscious and conscious level. We argue that focusing on unconscious, physiological and automatic processing of information in patients, while contrasting that processing with conscious processing, is a first required step before understanding how distortions or other impairments emerge at the conscious level. We then indicate that the phenomenological tradition of psychiatry supports a similar claim and provides a theoretical framework helping to understand the relationship between the impairments and clinical symptoms. We base our argument on the presence of disorders in the minimal self in patients with schizophrenia. The minimal self is tacit and non-verbal and refers to the sense of bodily presence. We argue this sense is shaped by unconscious processes, whose alteration may thus affect the feeling of being a unique individual. This justifies a focus on unconscious mechanisms and a distinction from those associated with consciousness.

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“…Horacek et al investigated MMN in predictable and unpredictable conditions ( Figure 2C) (34). In the predictable condition, deviant stimuli always came after 7 consecutive standard stimuli.…”

Section: Modified Oddball Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Predictive Coding Perspective on Mismatch Negativity Impairment in Schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a widely used biological marker for schizophrenia research. Previous studies reported that MMN amplitude was reduced in schizophrenia and that reduced MMN amplitude was associated with cognitive impairments and poor functional outcome in schizophrenia. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the reduced MMN amplitude remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that reduced MMN amplitude may reflect altered predictive coding in schizophrenia. In this paper, we reviewed MMN studies that used new paradigms and computational modeling to investigate altered predictive coding in schizophrenia. Studies using the roving oddball paradigm and modified oddball paradigm revealed that the effects of conditional probability were impaired in schizophrenia. Studies using omission paradigms and many-standards paradigms revealed that prediction error, but not adaptation, was impaired in schizophrenia. A study using a local-global paradigm revealed that hierarchical structures were impaired at both local and global levels in schizophrenia. Furthermore, studies using dynamic causal modeling revealed that neural networks with hierarchical structures were impaired in schizophrenia. These findings indicate that altered predictive coding underlies the reduced MMN amplitude in schizophrenia. However, there are several unsolved questions about optimal procedures, association among paradigms, and heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Future studies using several paradigms and computational modeling may solve these questions, and may lead to clarifying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to the development of individualized treatments for schizophrenia.

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The effect of deviance predictability on mismatch negativity in schizophrenia patients

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Cascade and no‐repetition rules are comparable controls for the auditory frequency mismatch negativity in oddball tasks

Cascade and no‐repetition rules are comparable controls for the auditory frequency mismatch negativity in oddball tasks

Is Schizophrenia a Disorder of Consciousness? Experimental and Phenomenological Support for Anomalous Unconscious Processing

A Predictive Coding Perspective on Mismatch Negativity Impairment in Schizophrenia

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