The Effect of Dietary Fatty Acid Manipulation on Phagocytic Activity and Cytokine Production by Peritoneal Cells from Balb/c Mice.

Modulatory effect of fatty acids on fungicidal activity, respiratory burst and TNF-α and IL-6 production in J774 murine macrophages

“…AA, DHA and EPA stimulated the C. albicans killing activity of J774 cells at low concentrations but inhibited it at high doses. De Pablo et al (21) observed an increase in phagocyte capacity in peritoneal macrophages from mouse supplemented with olive oil, rich in OA. The similar effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFA on fungicidal activity is a noteworthy result due to the fact that these classes of FA usually have distinct effects on immune function (22) .…”

Influence of Diets Containing Olive Oil, Sunflower Oil or Hydrogenated Coconut Oil on the Immune Response of Mice.

“…In fact, the levels of other cytokines as IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) did not change in mice fed a hydrogenated coconut oil diet [34]. In our research, IL-2 production showed significant differences between dietary lipids; but they were not statistically significant in all the cases, and the results within each group differed greatly.…”

Biological and Clinical Significance of Lipids as Modulators of Immune System Functions

“…Thus, concanavalin-A or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymphocytes have reduced the cellular proliferation in assays carried out in vitro or ex vivo in the presence of free fatty acids or in cell cultures from both animals and humans fed dietary lipids, respectively (10,30). Cytokine production is reduced by the action of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (79), cytokine receptor expression is also affected (56), natural killer (NK) activity is significantly suppressed (24,43,80), phagocytic activity of macrophages is modified (12,23), and the antigenpresenting function of human monocytes is inhibited (7,20). Based on these experimental observations, we can affirm that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rather than n-6 polyunsaturated or n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids are directly associated to the alteration of immune and inflammatory response.…”

“…Therefore, lymphocyte proliferation (30,53,81), production of cytokines (30,79), modification of cell surface molecules (38), changes in phagocytic activity (12,23), and alteration of natural killer (NK) cell activity (24,43,80) are susceptible to be modulated by dietary lipid administration or by culture of cells in the presence of several free fatty acids. However, it is important to note that not all of the fatty acids have the same immunomodulatory properties.…”

“…Nevertheless, both n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids have been associated to a chemopromotive role in cancer, probably due in part to a suppression of apoptosis (64). However, oleic acid (a monounsaturated fatty acid [18:1n-9] that is the main component of olive oil belonging to n-9 fatty acid series) is also capable of acting as a modulator of immune functions (23,24,40,83). Accordingly, olive oil (a traditional and essential component of the Mediterranean diet) also plays an important role in the modulation of immune functions, and therefore it has been efficiently applied in the alleviation of the symptomatology caused by rheumatoid arthritis (44,48).…”