The Effect of Dietary Fiber from Wheat Processing Streams on the Formation of Carboxylic Acids and Microbiota in the Hindgut of Rats

Haskå, Lina; Andersson, Roger; Nyman, Margareta

doi:10.1021/jf104380f

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These results agree with our recent study on the fermentation pattern of dietary-fibre-rich by-products from the wet fractionation of wheat to starch and gluten. In that study, two water-soluble dietary fibre fractions, which were rich in AX and fructan, led to a lower ratio of acetic to propionic acid in portal blood than two fractions with a lower solubility containing about the same amount of AX but less fructan (7.6 and 8.6 vs 15 and 14, respectively) ( 24 ). Several other studies have suggested that AX and AXOS promote the formation of propionic acid, although the results available in the literature are not conclusive ( 10 , 11 , 25 , 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A water-soluble fraction from a by-product of wheat increases the formation of propionic acid in rats compared with diets based on other by-product fractions and oligofructose

Haskå¹,

Andersson²,

Nyman³

2011

Food & Nutrition Research

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BackgroundDietary fibre is fermented by the colonic microbiota to carboxylic acids (CA), with potential health effects associated in particular with butyric and propionic acid.ObjectiveTo investigate the formation of CA in the hindgut of healthy rats fed dietary fibre from different fractions of wheat shorts, a by-product of the milling of wheat.DesignRats were fed dietary fibre (80 g/kg feed per day for 7 days) from wheat shorts and fractions thereof (ethanol-soluble, water-soluble and insoluble fractions), oligofructose (OF) diet and a mixture of oligofructose and raffinose (OR) diet.ResultsThe water-soluble fraction, with a high content of arabinoxylan (AX), increased the formation of propionic acid in the hindgut and lowered the ratio of acetic to propionic acid in the portal blood of rats. High levels and proportions of butyric acid were seen in rats fed the OR diet. The pattern of CA resulting from the ethanol-soluble diet, mainly composed of fructan and raffinose, was more similar to that of the OF diet than the OR diet.ConclusionsThe high formation of propionic acid with the water-soluble fraction may be attributed to the high AX content. The results also indicate that the wheat fructans produced more propionic acid and less butyric acid than OF. It may furthermore be speculated that the formation of butyric acid associated with the OR diet was due to a synergetic effect of OR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A water-soluble fraction from a by-product of wheat increases the formation of propionic acid in rats compared with diets based on other by-product fractions and oligofructose

Haskå¹,

Andersson²,

Nyman³

2011

Food & Nutrition Research

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“…Enteric microbiome residents, particularly, Clostridia spp and Bacteroidetes genera, are producers of PPA, 43 , 44 particularly when provided wheat-based substrates. 25 , 90 PPA has been shown to modulate cell signaling, 91 cell interactions, 92 gene expression, 93 immune function 94 and neurotransmitter synthesis and release, 95 and to influence mitochondrial 31 and lipid 58 , 96 metabolism in both human studies and translational animal models. 19 , 22 , 35 Interestingly, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including ASD features, are seen in individuals with impaired PPA metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of mitochondrial function by the microbiome metabolite propionic acid in autism and control cell lines

et al. 2016

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Propionic acid (PPA) is a ubiquitous short-chain fatty acid, which is a major fermentation product of the enteric microbiome. PPA is a normal intermediate of metabolism and is found in foods, either naturally or as a preservative. PPA and its derivatives have been implicated in both health and disease. Whereas PPA is an energy substrate and has many proposed beneficial effects, it is also associated with human disorders involving mitochondrial dysfunction, including propionic acidemia and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We aimed to investigate the dichotomy between the health and disease effects of PPA by measuring mitochondrial function in ASD and age- and gender-matched control lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) following incubation with PPA at several concentrations and durations both with and without an in vitro increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial function was optimally increased at particular exposure durations and concentrations of PPA with ASD LCLs, demonstrating a greater enhancement. In contrast, increasing ROS negated the positive PPA effect with the ASD LCLs, showing a greater detriment. These data demonstrate that enteric microbiome metabolites such as PPA can have both beneficial and toxic effects on mitochondrial function, depending on concentration, exposure duration and microenvironment redox state with these effects amplified in LCLs derived from individuals with ASD. As PPA, as well as enteric bacteria, which produce PPA, have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including ASD, diabetes, obesity and inflammatory diseases, insight into this metabolic modulator from the host microbiome may have wide applications for both health and disease.

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“…Of highest significance may have been the 3 substances that were present only either in samples from hungry or satiated rats. Pentanoic (or valeric) acid that was detected only in satiated individuals is a carboxylic acid produced by gut bacteria in the colon of rats [31]. Thus, this substance may be directly connected to metabolic activity.…”

Section: Odour Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The smell of hunger: Norway rats provision social partners based on odour cues of need

2020

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When individuals exchange helpful acts reciprocally, increasing the benefit of the receiver can enhance its propensity to return a favour, as pay-offs are typically correlated in iterated interactions. Therefore, reciprocally cooperating animals should consider the relative benefit for the receiver when deciding to help a conspecific. Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) exchange food reciprocally and thereby take into account both the cost of helping and the potential benefit to the receiver. By using a variant of the sequential iterated prisoner's dilemma paradigm, we show that rats may determine the need of another individual by olfactory cues alone. In an experimental food-exchange task, test subjects were provided with odour cues from hungry or satiated conspecifics located in a different room. Our results show that wild-type Norway rats provide help to a stooge quicker when they receive odour cues from a hungry rather than from a satiated conspecific. Using chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identify seven volatile organic compounds that differ in their abundance between hungry and satiated rats. Combined, this "smell of hunger" can apparently serve as a reliable cue of need in reciprocal cooperation, which supports the hypothesis of honest signalling.

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The Effect of Dietary Fiber from Wheat Processing Streams on the Formation of Carboxylic Acids and Microbiota in the Hindgut of Rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

A water-soluble fraction from a by-product of wheat increases the formation of propionic acid in rats compared with diets based on other by-product fractions and oligofructose

A water-soluble fraction from a by-product of wheat increases the formation of propionic acid in rats compared with diets based on other by-product fractions and oligofructose

Modulation of mitochondrial function by the microbiome metabolite propionic acid in autism and control cell lines

The smell of hunger: Norway rats provision social partners based on odour cues of need

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