The Effect of Dietary Humic Preparations on the Content of Essential and Non-Essential Chemical Elements in Hen Eggs

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with two humic preparations, Humokarbowit (HKW) and Humobentofet (HBF), on the mineral content of the albumen and egg yolk of Lohmann Brown hens. The content of macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), microelements (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Si, Sr, Zn) and trace elements (Ag, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ga, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, Tl, V, W, Y and Zr) in the feed mixture (FM), albumen and yolk were presented. The material was collected from laying hens kept in a cage system in two groups, control (C) and enriched (E), with standard feed and feed enriched with humic preparations, respectively. The enriched feed mixture was characterised by a significantly higher Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Co, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, Mg, Ni, S, Sb, Si, Zn and Zr content compared to the standard, basal mixture. Only some of these elements were found in significantly increased levels in albumen (Bi, Co, Ni, S) and yolk (Bi, Fe, K, Sb). Another noteworthy finding was a significantly lower concentration of Na in the content of eggs from the E-Group, which corresponds to the content of this important macronutrient in the feed. In addition, a significant increase in the concentration of elements such as Al, I, Li, Sr, Ti, Tl, Y, W was noted with a reduction in Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Rb, Sn in Group-E, which indicates a complicated egg formation processes, including biotransfer-essential and non-essential chemical elements.

Assessment of Macro-, Micro-, Trace, and Ultratrace Element Concentration in Green-Legged Partridge Hens’ Eggs from a Free-Range System

“…The obtained results can be compared with those of the tests (38 elements) carried out on the eggs of LB battery-raised hens fed with a standard feed mixture [6]. In the case of GLP in the egg albumen, the concentration of Ca, Cu, Fe, and Na was much higher among macro-and microelements, while Al and K was lower.…”

“…They are a good source of nutraceuticals used in the prevention of civilization diseases [1][2][3]. The chemical composition of eggs is complex and may be influenced by various factors (breed, age of birds, housing system, and feed composition) [4][5][6]. The mineral composition of eggs is important in terms of food safety, due to the fact that all elements, including essential, can become toxic or lead to deficiencies if consumed in inappropriate amounts [7][8][9].…”

“…It seems that the chemical composition of the feed, both the concentration of macronutrients and trace elements, may have the greatest impact on the mineral composition of eggs. A recent study [6] has determined the level of 38 chemical elements in the egg white and yolk of Lohmann Brown (LB) hens kept in a cage system and fed with commercial feed mixture with additive of humic preparations. The authors showed the limited effect of the mineral composition of feed on the concentration of essential and nonessential elements in eggs.…”

Bromine in chicken eggs, feed, and water from different regions of Ukraine

“…However, inorganic elements that are necessary for the proper functioning of the body, as well as heavy metals, can become harmful to the human body by receiving them in high doses or in low, but for a long period [16], [33]. It has been proven [5] that the introduction of such elements as silver, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cobalt, iron, gallium, mercury, potassium, magnesium, nickel, sulphur, antimony, silicon, zinc and zirconium into the diet of chickens causes increase in eggs of the following elements: bismuth, cobalt, nickel, sulphur, iron, potassium, antimony. When iodine is added to the diet of laying hens, the high content of the element in eggs is noted [31],…”

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“…Japanese quails are a promising species with excellent meat quality traits, high edible meat yield from breast and thighs and optimum meat composition from dietetic point of view. 1 Report by Dobrzański et al 2 showed that quail meat and eggs are renowned for their high quality protein, high biological value and low caloric content, making it a choice product for hypertension prone individuals (Table 1). These birds are mainly produced for their meat and eggs but are also used as laboratory animals because of their small size and require little cage space for rearing.…”